BZ

B. Zeybekoglu

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Bilateral teleoperation with force feedback aims to transmit human expertise over long distances by transferring the sensation of physical contact. One of the primary challenges in achieving this goal is the ultra low latency requirement. Tactile internet and model-mediated teleoperation are promising research areas addressing the latency constraint. In model-mediated teleoperation, it is crucial that the remote environment parameters are tracked with minimal latency to update the local model. This work investigates the potential of designing a cost-effective object tracking solution that performs comparably to state-of-the-art systems while maintaining low tracking latency. A method is proposed to streamline the design process by leveraging assumptions about the tracking conditions. An object-tracking algorithm that can effectively fuse high-frequency noisy inertial data (>1 kHz) with delayed, low-frequency (30 Hz) but accurate camera data has been designed. A practical system was constructed using cost-efficient components, and a dataset was collected for testing and characterization. The system demonstrated the ability to produce object pose estimates at 1 ms intervals. In experiments along a single axis, the system achieved a mean positional estimation error of 0.1 cm and a mean orientation estimation error of 0.5◦. The algorithm also successfully corrected for camera latencies of up to 350 ms while maintaining accurate estimates. These results demonstrate the possibility of achieving a low latency, accurate object tracking system while keeping component and computation costs reasonable. ...