The loss of functionality of road networks during the past Canterbury (2010-2011) and Kaikōura (2016) earthquakes has questioned New Zealand's established seismic resilience. In both events, overall bridge performance was satisfactory from a life-safety perspective. However, based on the observed undesirable sub-system performance of the damaged bridges and on the direct and indirect costs due to downtime and non-structural damage, an investigation into possible improvements of the current design philosophy was warranted. Resilience can be considered as a performance indicator that quantifies the residual functionality along with the effort in responding to the seismic event. Resilience is not being considered in the seismic codes, as traditionally their main objective has been to prevent collapse and ensure life-safety. Performance-based design, as a supplement to code objectives, does not include explicit verification of the expected functionality of the structure after the earthquake. On the other hand, resilience-based design appears as a holistic design process, which identifies and mitigates earthquake-induced risks to enable rapid recovery in the aftermath of major earthquakes. This paper presents an overview of the recovery process of the Inland Route in the aftermath of the Kaikōura earthquake. The most severely damaged bridges in the route are introduced as case studies, and the main performance and functionality issues are highlighted. Based on this, a framework to incorporate resilience concepts and measures, as key design criteria and indicators, into the structural design process is also introduced and conceptually exemplified. Applying the proposed framework during the design phase will allow the estimation of final recovery times and preliminary recovery costs of the bridge after an earthquake.@en

The 14th of November 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake sequence has highly affected the transport infrastructure in New Zealand. From the perspective of life-safety, the overall bridge performance was satisfactory; however, based on the observed undesirable sub-system performance of the damaged bridges, further investigation into possible improvements of the current design philosophy was warranted. This paper describes the structural performance of the most severely damaged bridges during the Kaikōura Earthquake. The study is based on observations made during site inspections, on subsequent computational analyses performed and on a functionality database collected during the period following the event. The paper also introduces resilience indicators as a tool to predict the lifecycle performance and functionality of bridges. Finally, conclusions on the resilience and functionality of the bridges in the aftermath of the earthquake are raised, highlighting the main performance issues and suggesting strategies and technologies to enhance their seismic resilience during future events.@en