Port of Rotterdam has the ambition to reduce the footprint for building new quay walls, this is in line with their ambition to reduce the footprint and with national goals to limit global warming. The aim is to use less materials and/or use different design solutions. These reinforced structures are designed in a conventional way and the internal forces are determined by performing a Linear Elastic Analysis. The reinforcement is calculated using the internal forces and is based on the Eurocode 1992 -1-1. The conventional approach includes various assumptions that affect the amount of concrete and steel used, which influences the CO2 footprint, structure reliability, and costs. In order to know the effects of these assumptions, advanced nonlinear calculations are carried out using volume elements