The container shipping industry underpins more than 80% of global trade, serving as the backbone of international economics that sustains manufacturing, retail and fundamental products worldwide. Recently, Maersk’s adoption of the hub-and-spoke network theory, where modular shutt
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The container shipping industry underpins more than 80% of global trade, serving as the backbone of international economics that sustains manufacturing, retail and fundamental products worldwide. Recently, Maersk’s adoption of the hub-and-spoke network theory, where modular shuttle loops feed centralized transshipment hubs, has promised improved schedule reliability but also introduced new challenges in coordinating terminal operations. Misaligned objectives between different internal operations teams and external terminal operators can potentially trigger small delays which turn into large-scale network disturbances, affecting the network’s reliability and customer trust. This research addresses the increasing demand for greater operational coordination and resilience in the container shipping industry, particularly in the context of increasingly complex and interdependent logistics networks. As global trade demands higher schedule reliability and cost efficiency, liner shipping companies face the challenge of aligning operations across independently managed terminals...