The misguided idea of permanence in architecture has proven to be an illusion (Brand, 1994; Ford, 1997). Present-day solutions such as the adaptive and circular design of buildings strive to enable frequent changes in buildings to satisfy the needs of users in our transient society. However, this challenges the idea of permanence in architecture, a concept that people profoundly believe in (Ford, 1997). By outlining the new notion of permanence as identified by Katrina Touw (2006) and the principles of adaptable and circular design as identified in recent literature studies (Asker et al., 2021; Hamida et al., 2022). Then establishing a framework which shows the relation between the two topics used to evaluate five case studies. This thesis seeks to identify if the new approach to building design strives to achieve permanence and in what way. We can conclude that by thinking about the inherent value of the building at its end-of-life whether it be to maintain, reuse, recycle, or repurpose, the stakeholders involved in the design process actively engage in achieving permanence.

This graduation project represents an exploration of the potential for underground urban developments and develops a vision for these as an extension of the urban fabric. The final architectural representation of the project is a mixed-use complex situated above and around the existing Farringdon underground stations. The design is predicated on transforming existing buildings, adding extra underground space, and connecting them to the context. The design incorporates the primary concepts of blurring the boundaries between above- and underground spaces, creating a public ground floor realm in the middle, and an idiosyncratic architecture that responds to the needs and opportunities of the underground addition.

This graduation project represents an exploration of the potential for underground urban developments and develops a vision for these as an extension of the urban fabric. The final architectural representation of the project is a mixed-use complex situated above and around the existing Farringdon underground stations. The design is predicated on transforming existing buildings, adding extra underground space, and connecting them to the context. The design incorporates the primary concepts of blurring the boundaries between above- and underground spaces, creating a public ground floor realm in the middle, and an idiosyncratic architecture that responds to the needs and opportunities of the underground addition.

This graduation project represents an exploration of the potential for underground urban developments and develops a vision for these as an extension of the urban fabric. The final architectural representation of the project is a mixed-use complex situated above and around the existing Farringdon underground stations. The design is predicated on transforming existing buildings, adding extra underground space, and connecting them to the context. The design incorporates the primary concepts of blurring the boundaries between above- and underground spaces, creating a public ground floor realm in the middle, and an idiosyncratic architecture that responds to the needs and opportunities of the underground addition.

This graduation project represents an exploration of the potential for underground urban developments and develops a vision for these as an extension of the urban fabric. The final architectural representation of the project is a mixed-use complex situated above and around the existing Farringdon underground stations. The design is predicated on transforming existing buildings, adding extra underground space, and connecting them to the context. The design incorporates the primary concepts of blurring the boundaries between above- and underground spaces, creating a public ground floor realm in the middle, and an idiosyncratic architecture that responds to the needs and opportunities of the underground addition.