This chapter presents the lesson learnt from several European projects supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) which integrated remanufacturing (the process of restoring used products to like-new condition) education into the curriculum of engineering and business programs. The projects, implemented in partnership with both universities and companies, designed teaching materials and then experimented with those in formats such as workshops and online digital nuggets on remanufacturing. The projects’ objective was to foster a skilled workforce that could contribute to the transition to a circular economy and to promote sustainable development. The projects emphasized interdisciplinary collaboration in order to promote sustainable product design and supply chain management. The chapter discusses the pedagogical approaches adopted, and offers evaluative case studies illustrating successful implementation in different educational contexts. The projects in question showed that a collaborative approach between universities and companies was effective in promoting the integration of remanufacturing education into the curriculum. The outcomes included the development of a network of educators and industry professionals who could share best practices, experiences, and knowledge related to remanufacturing education. The projects’ success highlights the importance of collaborative European projects in promoting sustainable development and fostering a skilled workforce which can contribute to the transition to a circular economy.

Electronics containing growing quantities of high value and critical metals are increasingly used in automobiles. The conventional treatment practice for end-of-life vehicles (ELV) is shredding after de-pollution and partial separation of spare parts. Despite opportunities for resource recovery, the selective separation of components containing relevant amounts of critical metals for the purpose of material recycling is not commonly implemented. This article is aimed to contribute to recycling strategies for future critical metal quantities and the role of extended material recovery from ELVs. The study examines the economic feasibility of dismantling electronic components from ELVs for high value metal recycling. The results illustrate the effects of factors as dismantling time, labour costs and logistics on the economic potential of resource recovery from ELVs. Manual dismantling is profitable for only a few components at the higher labour costs in western/northern parts of Europe and applicable material prices, including the inverter for hybrid vehicles, oxygen sensor, side assistant sensor, distance and near distance sensors. Depending on the vehicle model, labour costs and current material prices, manual dismantling can also be cost-efficient for also some other such as the heating blower, generator, starter, engine and transmission control, start/stop motor, drive control, infotainment and chassis control.

In order to recycle or re-use products that contain Critical Raw Materials (CRMs), these products have to be collected from consumers and professional organizations (e.g. businesses) first. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is collected for economical, environmental, and public health and safety reasons. Lessons can be learned from the collection of WEEE, such as how to influence and stimulate consumers to collect WEEE separate from other waste, and how to stimulate and train companies in separating waste.