This research looks at how the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (KB) – the national library of the Netherlands – can be redesigned to better support people with physical disabilities. By improving both its physical spaces and digital services, the goal is to make the KB a more inclusive and welcoming place where everyone can participate fully in library life. As libraries increasingly become community hubs rather than just places to store books, designing for inclusion has never been more important, especially in historic buildings like the KB, where accessibility and preservation often clash.Through a mix of case studies, site visits, and literature review, this research explores how architecture and technology can work together to remove barriers and improve the experience for users with disabilities. It draws inspiration from inclusive libraries like Oodi in Helsinki and Seattle Central Library, and focuses on strategies such as clear navigation, flexible spaces, and built-in assistive technologies. It also highlights the importance of embedding digital tools – like self-checkout stations and library catalogues – directly into the library’s layout so they’re easy to find and use independently. Rather than treating accessibility as a box to check, this thesis argues for a more human-centered approach – one that listens to users, responds to real needs, and sees inclusion not as a limitation, but as an opportunity to rethink what a library can be. In doing so, it aims to show how national libraries like the KB, which safeguard important heritage, can become truly inclusive spaces that bring people together and support a sense of belonging for all.

This thesis investigates how the design of prisons affects the rehabilitation of prisoners. It focuses on the Dutch prison system while drawing comparisons with Norway’s progressive approach. The study analyzes how the environment within prisons affects the well-being of inmates and their potential for reintegration into society. It examines the impact of spatial layout, natural light, privacy, and rehabilitative resources on inmates’ health, behavior, and recidivism.
The thesis proposes the “Netherlands Correctional System Reform Act,” inspired by Norway’s model. The act calls for prison designs that promote human dignity, rehabilitation, and community integration, aiming to transform the Dutch prison system to reduce recidivism and enhance public safety. The study underscores the potential of thoughtful architectural design in contributing significantly to criminal justice reform.