Continuous, low-burden intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is increasingly recognized as important for the early identification of glaucoma risk. As the standard implant in cataract surgery, the intraocular lens (IOL) offers long-term stability, a fixed position within the post
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Continuous, low-burden intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring is increasingly recognized as important for the early identification of glaucoma risk. As the standard implant in cataract surgery, the intraocular lens (IOL) offers long-term stability, a fixed position within the posterior capsular bag, and a relatively stable geometry, providing a reliable mechanical and biological platform for integrating miniaturized sensing and RF modules. At the same time, the optical zone and haptics of IOL impose strict constraints on size, thickness, and curvature, and demand high transparency and biocompatibility; together, these factors limit device shape, electrical length, and packaging options. Building on these characteristics, the idea is integrating a sensor and RF structure within the IOL, powered and read by an external reader without an internal battery. Considering maturity and feasibility, two engineering methods are investigated: an NFC coil operating at 13.56 MHz and a radiative antenna operating at 2.45 GHz. The methodology begins with equivalent-circuit and multiphysics using LT Spice and COMSOL, followed by electromagnetic simulations in Ansys HFSS under both free-space and ocular-model conditions. Key observations include the impedance position on the Smith chart, resonance frequency, coupling/radiation efficiency, and bandwidth. Based on simulation results and the literature review, the two approaches are compared with respect to structural complexity, compatibility, and manufacturing feasibility. The analysis provides quantitative guidance for subsequent prototype design and experimental validation.