Microalgae cultivation systems face critical challenges in balancing efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. Existing methods, such as open ponds and photobioreactors (PBRs), present inherent limitations—open ponds are low-energy and cost-effective but lack environmental control, while PBRs offer higher efficiency but require significant infrastructure and energy input (Encarnação et al., 2023; Abdur Razzak et al., 2024). This research proposes a living textile system as an intermediate solution, combining the passive functionality of open ponds with the control and efficiency of PBRs, but at a lower cost and with reduced energy demands.
By integrating Scenedesmus sp. microalgae within a hydrogel-based woven structure, this study enhances gas exchange, promotes microalgal attachment, and optimizes photosynthetic efficiency—key challenges in previous systems. Findings reveal that fiber composition and weave structure play a fundamental role in microalgal viability, influencing hydration retention, and resilience against detachment. Additionally, origami-inspired folding mechanisms improve usability, allowing the textile to fold and unfold dynamically for controlled closure during adverse weather conditions and efficient rehydration.
To explore potential applications, this research conceptualized the Living Climate Panel, demonstrating how living textiles can function as an integrated cultivation system that not only supports microalgal growth but also enhances sustainability, improves air quality, and regulates microclimatic conditions in indoor environments. By merging biology, textile engineering, and design, this study redefines textiles as active, self-sustaining systems, rather than passive materials, offering a scalable and adaptable solution for sustainability-driven applications.