MD

M.J. Dobrowolska

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Implant-associated infections remain one of the most challenging complications in modern orthopaedic and biomedical procedures. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces protects pathogenic microorganisms from antibiotics and immune responses, often requiring surgical implant removal. Magnetic microrobots have recently emerged as a promising approach for targeted biofilm disruption and localized therapeutic interventions. This thesis investigates the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of magnetically actuated microrobots for potential application in the treatment of implant-associated infections. Several microrobot prototypes were designed using computer-aided design and fabricated using different additive manufacturing techniques, including stereolithography, fused deposition modelling, and direct ink writing. The robots incorporated embedded NdFeB permanent magnets to enable actuation under an externally generated rotating magnetic field. Motion experiments were conducted in media of different viscosities (air, water, and glycerin) to evaluate propulsion performance and the influence of geometry, material composition, and fabrication method. Magnetic characterization, X-ray diffraction analysis, and hyperthermia measurements were additionally performed to assess magnetic properties, structural stability, and heating efficiency. The results demonstrate that helical microrobot geometries fabricated using high-resolution printing methods exhibit superior propulsion characteristics in viscous environments. Magnetic hyperthermia experiments confirmed that iron-based structures can generate significant heating under alternating magnetic fields, suggesting potential for combined mechanical and thermal biofilm disruption. The findings highlight both the potential and limitations of current microrobot designs and provide insights for further optimization toward biomedical applications. ...