In order to improve the efficiency of anaerobic sludge digestion, alkaline and high pressure homogenization (HPH) were combined to pre-treat the excess activated sludge. The effect of HPH operating parameters, including homogenization pressure and cycle number, on the performances of anaerobic sludge digestion was studied. The results demonstrated that the performances of sludge disintegration and anaerobic digestion were markedly enhanced by increasing the homogenization pressure. After pretreatment at a homogenization pressure of 60 MPa with one homogenization cycle combined with an alkaline dosage of 0.04 mol/L, the sludge TCOD, VS removal and cumulative biogas production in a mesophilic anaerobic digestion system increased by 24.68%, 18.95% and 95.81%, respectively, in comparison with that with the alkaline pretreatment alone. But the sludge disintegration and biogas production only slightly increased with the increase of homogenization cycle. Considering biogas production and energy-saving, the suitable homogenization operation was selected as homogenization pressure of 60 MPa with once cycle. Relationships between methane yield and sludge disintegration showed that the improved methane production was mainly attributed to the sludge disintegration resulted from combined sludge pretreatment.