Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the way content is produced and integrated into journalistic workflows. The EU AI act's Article 50 sets up transparency requirements aimed at encouraging the adoption and disclosure of AI in an ethical and responsible manner. In this study, we organized focus group interviews with Dutch citizens (N=21) to understand their expectations and needs regarding AI disclosures in the context of news production and journalism. These conversations are essential to understand if legal and regulatory policies are grounded in real-world experiences of citizens, and adequately address their concerns and enhance their digital interactions. We found that citizens predominantly favor disclosures of AI usage in journalistic content, in the form of (1) source references, (2) visual indicators (logos/watermarks) and (3) have varying preferences regarding information presentation and interaction modalities. Our findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches to align standardization efforts with AI disclosures for news media.

Advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) are resulting in AI-generated media output that is (nearly) indistinguishable from human-created content. This can drastically impact users and the media sector, especially given global risks of misinformation. While the currently discussed European AI Act aims at addressing these risks through Article 52's AI transparency obligations, its interpretation and implications remain unclear. In this early work, we adopt a participatory AI approach to derive key questions based on Article 52's disclosure obligations. We ran two workshops with researchers, designers, and engineers across disciplines (N=16), where participants deconstructed Article 52's relevant clauses using the 5W1H framework. We contribute a set of 149 questions clustered into five themes and 18 sub-themes. We believe these can not only help inform future legal developments and interpretations of Article 52, but also provide a starting point for Human-Computer Interaction research to (re-)examine disclosure transparency from a human-centered AI lens.

News recommenders help users to find relevant online content and have the potential to fulfilla crucial role in a democratic society, directing the scarce attention of citizens towards the information that is most important to them. Simultaneously, recent concerns about so-called filter bubbles, misinformation and selective exposure are symptomatic of the disruptive potential of these digital news recommenders. Recommender systems can make or break filter bubbles, and as such can be instrumental in creating either a more closed or a more open internet. Current approaches to evaluating recommender systems are often focused on measuring an increase in user clicks and short-term engagement, rather than measuring the user's longer term interest in diverse and important information. This paper aims to bridge the gap between normative notions of diversity, rooted in democratic theory, and quantitative metrics necessary for evaluating the recommender system. We propose a set ofmetrics grounded in social science interpretations of diversity and suggest ways for practical implementations.

The article contributes both conceptually and methodologically to the study of online news consumption by introducing new approaches to measuring user information behaviour and proposing a typology of users based on their click behaviour. Using as a case study two online outlets of large national newspapers, it employs computational approaches to detect patterns in time- and content-based user interactions with news content based on clickstream data. The analysis of interactions detects several distinct timelines of news consumption and scrutinises how users switch between news topics during reading sessions. Using clustering analysis, the article then identifies several types of news readers (e.g. samplers, gourmets) and examines their news diets. The results point out the limited variation in topical composition of the news diets between different types of readers and the tendency of these diets to align with the news supply patterns (i.e. the average distribution of topics covered by the outlet).