Post-conflict reconstruction often prioritises speed, cost efficiency, and large-scale delivery, resulting in generic architecture and urban environments that overlook emotional experience, cultural continuity, and human wellbeing. In Syrian cities affected by conflict, the built environment plays an important role in shaping how people reconnect with their surroundings and rebuild a sense of belonging. The research investigates how architectural and urban design can support affective appraisal and a sense of belonging within post-conflict reconstruction, with a specific focus on the Syrian context.

Drawing on environmental psychology, architectural theory, healthy city principles, and post-conflict reconstruction literature, the study examines how qualities such as human scale, walkability, spatial legibility, visual complexity, materiality, and ornamentation influence emotional responses and long-term attachment to place. Through analysis of historic Syrian architecture and urbanism, the research identifies spatial and architectural characteristics that support positive affective appraisal, social interaction, and cultural continuity.

The findings are translated into a contemporary courtyard housing proposal for Homs, Syria, combining modular and scalable construction methods with climate-responsive design, walkable public space, and culturally grounded architectural expression. The project demonstrates that reconstruction can move beyond the provision of housing alone and contribute to healthier, more meaningful, and emotionally resilient urban environments. By aligning efficiency with social, cultural, and architectural quality, the research proposes a reconstruction strategy in which no beauty is left behind. ... Read more

Architecture in Africa didn’t begin with colonialism, it had deep roots long before. People built with the local land, using methods that worked for their climate, culture, and way of life. These systems weren’t outdated. They were smart, flexible, and sustainable. Colonial rule disrupted all of that. Western models were brought in, and slowly, local traditions were sidelined. Even after independence, many countries kept building with Western ideas, thinking that this showed progress. But these designs often didn’t fit the environment, and they made countries more dependent on imported systems. This thesis follows that story. From the early days of disruption to the present-day efforts to bring traditional building back, it shows how African architecture changed and how it’s being reclaimed. The effects of imitation were felt not just in how buildings looked, but in how people were taught. Still, this isn’t just a story of loss. It’s one of resistance too. Architects like Kéré, Kamara, and Fathy have shown that local traditions
can offer powerful solutions. Their work proves that you don’t have to choose between being modern and being rooted in place, you can be both. African architecture needs more support, through education and policies which values local knowledge. Reclaiming architectural identity isn’t about nostalgia, it's about building futures that are sustainable, inclusive, and grounded in cultural identity. That’s not just a design challenge. It’s a shift in mindset. ... Read more