Understanding the hot deformation behavior of metallic components produced via additive manufacturing (AM) is crucial, especially for applications in dynamic loads and high temperatures. This research examines the hot compression behavior of a martensitic precipitated hardened stainless steel, known as CX SS, produced through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Microstructural evolutions were examined on two sample types—as-built and heat-treated—subjected to hot compression at a constant 1 s⁻¹ strain rate within the temperature range of 300 °C to 650 °C. The impact of microstructural features such as cellular solidification subgrains, nanoscale NiAl precipitates, and the austenite reversion transformation on dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) as mechanisms of restoration is explored using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. A comparison between two sample types revealed that the presence of cellular solidification substructure in the as-built samples delays the restoration mechanism compared to heat-treated samples. Furthermore, LPBF CX specimens in the as-built state and after heat-treatment process exhibit nearly identical deformation behavior at temperatures above 450 °C. This identical deformation behavior is associated with the partial or complete destruction of cells in the as-built samples and the dissolution of NiAl particles in heat-treated ones. The dynamic softening mechanism primarily stems from DRV and partial DRX. Although discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) was alleviated in heat-treated samples, the as-built CX SS also showed softening mechanism in form of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) accompanied by DDRX. A constitutive equation of Arrhenius model, including Zener–Hollomon parameters, evaluated strain accumulation during hot deformation, identifying regions prone to shear bands (SBs), microcracks, and voids.

This study explores the evolution of solidification microstructure of a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) martensitic stainless steel during solution annealing and aging. Quasi in-situ experiments using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed that the finer, more equiaxed microstructure below the melt pool was susceptible to recrystallization and grain growth during solution annealing. The two distinct solidification microstructures below and inside the melt pool converged into a uniform grain morphology after solution annealing and aging processes. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)

International Union of Crystallography. The aim of this paper is to examine the morphological and crystallographic anisotropy that develops during high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing. Commercially pure aluminium was subjected to monotonic HPT deformation at room temperature. The microstructure and texture were studied by large-area electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans. Three-dimensional EBSD scans served to s crutinize the morphological anisotropy and local texture. It was observed that two distinct stages of grain fragmentation and saturation occur during processing. Grains exhibited an ellipsoidal shape rather than an equi-axed one. The major axes of the ellipsoids showed a favorable orientation at the steady-state stage: an almost 20° inclination towards the shear direction. The global texture was characterized by typical shear components of face-centered cubic metals at both stages. However, the local texture revealed a preferential fragmentation pattern in the first stage: orientations in the vicinity of ideal fibers became less heavily fragmented while non-ideal orientations broke up more severely. This phenomenon was linked with the lattice rotation required to bring an initial orientation close to a stable one. Although the texture weakened considerably in the fragmentation stage, the texture index did not further decrease in the saturation stage. Saturation of texture, grain refinement and formation of microstructure are discussed in the light of different microstructural coarsening mechanisms.Morphological and crystallographic anisotropy of severely deformed commercially pure aluminium is studied by conventional and three-dimensional electron backscatter diffraction. Saturation of texture, grain refinement and the formation of microstructure are discussed in the light of different microstructural coarsening mechanisms.