A fundamental challenge in the successful implementation of large-scale energy storage (LSES) in the Netherlands is the required public support for underground activities of Dutch citizens. In this study the key considerations and perspectives regarding the (financial) participation, as a means to increase public support, were explored by conducting interviews among the key stakeholders of onshore underground energy storage projects. An empirically grounded, explanatory framework for understanding the role of perceptions of justice in the dynamics of controversy, introducing two assessment trajectories (the formal and the informal) was used to analyse the results. The study found that the definition and perception of technical risks of onshore underground energy storage projects vary considerably. In addition, four overarching themes (national coordination, the damage-handling process, the division of roles and responsibilities, and the distribution of benefits and burdens) were identified. Among the generic characterisation of the themes, there is agreement among the stakeholders. Concerning the conceptualisation of the values, the research findings show that the opinions and perspectives differ. Two processes were identified that are key to the existence of controversies and the effects these have on energy policies, ‘controversy spillover’ and ‘backflowing’. Perspectives and considerations, even if supported by years of experience, will differ from reality when drawing on physical experiences. Therefore, it is essential that in the future, when new procedures and policies regarding onshore underground energy storage projects are introduced, stakeholders’ considerations and perspectives are re-examined. Any new insights or themes identified will support the required adaptation for regulations and policies over time.