The self-driving vehicle technology can be a potential game changer. The image of traffic and transport we know nowadays can change rapidly over the next twenty years with the introduction of autonomous driving. Still, there seem to be some uncertainties with the development of autonomous driving. Apart from the fact that this technology is still full in progress, there are still questions on how to combine autonomous vehicles with conventional traffic and what the effect this collaboration has on the traffic flow. The goal of this research is to find out what effects autonomous driving can have on the traffic flows. This research uses microscopic traffic simulation to experiment with different scenarios in which autonomous driving can be introduced on the Dutch road. The effect that have been found did not indicate major changes. An autonomous lane ensures that autonomous vehicles can drive optimally at the cost of more lane changes on the regular lanes. The cooperative automatic car benefits the average speed on the road and helps decreasing the travel loss time. However, the effect of cooperative driving on the traffic demand should be taken into consideration. If this new way of traveling leads to an increase in traffic demand, the arrival of autonomous driving must be combined with other alternatives to ensure travel time loss reduction in the future.

In the coming decades, more frequent and more extensive climate disasters such as coastal and river floods, droughts, extreme weather, and wildfires can be expected worldwide. Innovations will be required to face this grand challenge. The BRIGAID project developed a methodology consisting of a Test- and Implementation Framework and a set of practical tools. BRIGAIDs tools are offered to support efficient development and market introduction of promising innovations. The methodology in its present state still requires an extension to cover cybersecurity issues. It should be assessed what components are key in innovation projects and where and whether cybersecurity is relevant within the TIF. The proposed research will establish an assessment for the cybersecurity readiness of BRIGAID’s innovation projects. The goal here is to give the innovation projects an indication on their level of security and cybersecurity readiness. We selected GM4W and QoAir as representative innovation projects for a case study consisting of a cyber risk assessment. We find that key cyber components for innovation projects benefit the identification and mitigation of cyber threats. When assessing an innovation, the cyber components serve as a starting point of the assessment. We used SecRAM as the risk assessment method in this study and aimed to test whether the method applies to the risk assessment of innovation projects. We conclude that the SecRAM method serves its purpose and applies to the innovation projects in the context of this study. The risk assessments applied to different cases with contrasting structures and enabled us to identify and mitigate cyber threats effectively. The use of SecRAM also applied to the design of the TIF cybersecurity extension. The tool consists of questions that score the innovation projects based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability to raise concerns on the cybersecurity readiness. The acceptance and perceived usefulness of the tool need validation among innovators. Future research should extend the involvement of innovators and experts to the entire risk assessment phase.