This research aims to explore policy venues to encourage the use of data from Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) at a national level or National CORS (NCORS). Thailand, among many countries, has established NCORS to observe and process the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals to improve the accuracy of positional data that serve many spatially related activities of government agencies. Optimising the use of NCORS data in other potential sectors is the next challenge to tackle. The research was conducted in three phases: 1) formulating an NCORS data ecosystem concept, 2) applying the developed concept to identify the gaps of NCORS in Thailand, and 3) examining the policies to address the identified gaps.@en

Developments toward Open Government Data (OGD) also affect the data from National Continuously Operating Reference Station (NCORS), an infrastructure supporting standard and precise positioning in spatial activities. The application of OD policies on NCORS data (OD-NCORS) varies per country. This paper explores the approaches and impact of OD-NCORS in three European countries: Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. Understanding the differences in the implementations may benefit other countries in their strategies to implement OD for their NCORS. It may also provide insights for organisations considering OD for other data. The research found that the key factors affecting OD-NCORS implementation are the national governing nature and the existence of commercial CORS networks. There is no single approach for OD-NCORS implementation that fits every national context.@en

Acquiring a precise position on the earth is an essential factor in many activities today and will be a prerequisite for future activities. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network or GNSS CORS is an infrastructure that plays a crucial role in precise positioning. However, running GNSS CORS requires significant investments to establish and maintain the service. How to run GNSS CORS in a sustainable manner is unknown. Countries that are running GNSS CORS have different policies and perspectives about GNSS CORS. In some countries, it is an open public service fully supported by government budgets. Other countries rely on the private sector GNSS CORS services available at market prices. Several types of research have been proposed and covered aspects of GNSS CORS. But there still exists a challenge to identify sustainable governance model of GNSS CORS. And there is not any tool for the case. This study aims to investigate models of sustainable governance of GNSS CORS infrastructure with a specific focus on the business model of GNSS CORS. Through a System Dynamics methodology, the first version of GNSS CORS generic governance model will be constructed and drawn as Casual Loop Diagram (CLD) to elaborate structures and relations of CORS GNSS elements. The next step is to transform the CLD into a stock and flow diagram. In parallel, existing GNSS CORS governance models in the Netherlands, Indonesia, the US, Australia and Japan will be explored. The model will be further developed and validated through the process based on the exploration and empirical data. The generic model will be useful for policy testing especially for examining the fit for purpose business model and accompanying access policy of GNSS CORS. The research will also design a graphic user interphase decision support tool. This tool will allow policymakers in different countries to be able to learn, understand and test policy choices on GNSS CORS governance. @en