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J.E.M. Daniëls
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A Value–Indicator Framework for modular façade renovation
Integrating resident values into industrialised social housing refurbishment
Master thesis
(2026)
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J.E.M. Daniëls, Thaleia Konstantinou, C.L. Martin, Diletta Ricci, J.A. Mejia Hernandez
European social-housing refurbishment is under pressure to deliver deep energy upgrades at speed, while also responding more carefully to the residents who live with the consequences of renovation. Industrialised modular façade systems can accelerate retrofit, improve quality control, and reduce on-site disruption, but they also risk reinforcing standardised solutions.
In many renovation processes, resident values are surfaced through engagement but enter too late to influence module configuration, material expression, façade operability or the way the façade meets the street outside and shapes the dwelling inside This thesis addresses this problem as a value–design translation gap: the missing methodological step between identifying what residents value and integrating those values in architectural and technical façade decisions.
The research develops, applies, and evaluates a Value–Indicator Framework for modular façade renovation in social housing. Through literature review and cross-case analysis of eight European social-housing renovation cases, six recurring resident values are identified: comfort, affordability, fairness, empowerment, sustainability, and identity. These values are translated into architectural design indicators that could guide the modular façade design.
The framework is then operationalised through the Value-Integrated Modular Façade System (VIMFS), a two-layer system in which Layer 1 provides a standardised technical performance baseline, including insulation, airtightness weather protection. Layer 2 the adaptive socio-technical interface, carries the bounded resident-facing variation, through value-affinity clusters and a component catalogue.
The framework is tested through Research by Design on a post-war walk-up apartment block in Rotterdam-West. A four-step configuration logic translates value priorities into four traceable design variants: V01 Control and Comfort, V02 Clear and Affordable Upgrade, V03 Ecological Renewal and V04 Community Threshold. All variants share the same Layer 1 standardised performance layer so that every resident receives the same technical envelope, while differentiation is produced through the component selection of layer 2 via the catalogue. In short, layer 1 secures fairness across all dwellings; layer 2 allows residents to express what matters to them.
The variants are evaluated through seventeen key performance indicators (KPIs) to test whether resident values remain visible, measurable, and differentiated at design stage.
The resulting scores are V01 = 15/17, V02 = 12.5/17, V03 = 16/17 and V04 = 15.5/17.
This thesis shows that modular façade renovation does not have to choose between industrialised standardisation and resident responsiveness. If variation is bounded, documented, and technically coordinated, an equal technical baseline can coexist with value-led differentiation.
The contribution is not a fully engineered façade product or a validated participation process, but traceable design-stage method for translating resident values into modular façade renovation design.
In doing so, the thesis positions the façade as a socio-technical interface between building performance, modular construction logic, and everyday residential life. ...
In many renovation processes, resident values are surfaced through engagement but enter too late to influence module configuration, material expression, façade operability or the way the façade meets the street outside and shapes the dwelling inside This thesis addresses this problem as a value–design translation gap: the missing methodological step between identifying what residents value and integrating those values in architectural and technical façade decisions.
The research develops, applies, and evaluates a Value–Indicator Framework for modular façade renovation in social housing. Through literature review and cross-case analysis of eight European social-housing renovation cases, six recurring resident values are identified: comfort, affordability, fairness, empowerment, sustainability, and identity. These values are translated into architectural design indicators that could guide the modular façade design.
The framework is then operationalised through the Value-Integrated Modular Façade System (VIMFS), a two-layer system in which Layer 1 provides a standardised technical performance baseline, including insulation, airtightness weather protection. Layer 2 the adaptive socio-technical interface, carries the bounded resident-facing variation, through value-affinity clusters and a component catalogue.
The framework is tested through Research by Design on a post-war walk-up apartment block in Rotterdam-West. A four-step configuration logic translates value priorities into four traceable design variants: V01 Control and Comfort, V02 Clear and Affordable Upgrade, V03 Ecological Renewal and V04 Community Threshold. All variants share the same Layer 1 standardised performance layer so that every resident receives the same technical envelope, while differentiation is produced through the component selection of layer 2 via the catalogue. In short, layer 1 secures fairness across all dwellings; layer 2 allows residents to express what matters to them.
The variants are evaluated through seventeen key performance indicators (KPIs) to test whether resident values remain visible, measurable, and differentiated at design stage.
The resulting scores are V01 = 15/17, V02 = 12.5/17, V03 = 16/17 and V04 = 15.5/17.
This thesis shows that modular façade renovation does not have to choose between industrialised standardisation and resident responsiveness. If variation is bounded, documented, and technically coordinated, an equal technical baseline can coexist with value-led differentiation.
The contribution is not a fully engineered façade product or a validated participation process, but traceable design-stage method for translating resident values into modular façade renovation design.
In doing so, the thesis positions the façade as a socio-technical interface between building performance, modular construction logic, and everyday residential life. ...
European social-housing refurbishment is under pressure to deliver deep energy upgrades at speed, while also responding more carefully to the residents who live with the consequences of renovation. Industrialised modular façade systems can accelerate retrofit, improve quality control, and reduce on-site disruption, but they also risk reinforcing standardised solutions.
In many renovation processes, resident values are surfaced through engagement but enter too late to influence module configuration, material expression, façade operability or the way the façade meets the street outside and shapes the dwelling inside This thesis addresses this problem as a value–design translation gap: the missing methodological step between identifying what residents value and integrating those values in architectural and technical façade decisions.
The research develops, applies, and evaluates a Value–Indicator Framework for modular façade renovation in social housing. Through literature review and cross-case analysis of eight European social-housing renovation cases, six recurring resident values are identified: comfort, affordability, fairness, empowerment, sustainability, and identity. These values are translated into architectural design indicators that could guide the modular façade design.
The framework is then operationalised through the Value-Integrated Modular Façade System (VIMFS), a two-layer system in which Layer 1 provides a standardised technical performance baseline, including insulation, airtightness weather protection. Layer 2 the adaptive socio-technical interface, carries the bounded resident-facing variation, through value-affinity clusters and a component catalogue.
The framework is tested through Research by Design on a post-war walk-up apartment block in Rotterdam-West. A four-step configuration logic translates value priorities into four traceable design variants: V01 Control and Comfort, V02 Clear and Affordable Upgrade, V03 Ecological Renewal and V04 Community Threshold. All variants share the same Layer 1 standardised performance layer so that every resident receives the same technical envelope, while differentiation is produced through the component selection of layer 2 via the catalogue. In short, layer 1 secures fairness across all dwellings; layer 2 allows residents to express what matters to them.
The variants are evaluated through seventeen key performance indicators (KPIs) to test whether resident values remain visible, measurable, and differentiated at design stage.
The resulting scores are V01 = 15/17, V02 = 12.5/17, V03 = 16/17 and V04 = 15.5/17.
This thesis shows that modular façade renovation does not have to choose between industrialised standardisation and resident responsiveness. If variation is bounded, documented, and technically coordinated, an equal technical baseline can coexist with value-led differentiation.
The contribution is not a fully engineered façade product or a validated participation process, but traceable design-stage method for translating resident values into modular façade renovation design.
In doing so, the thesis positions the façade as a socio-technical interface between building performance, modular construction logic, and everyday residential life.
In many renovation processes, resident values are surfaced through engagement but enter too late to influence module configuration, material expression, façade operability or the way the façade meets the street outside and shapes the dwelling inside This thesis addresses this problem as a value–design translation gap: the missing methodological step between identifying what residents value and integrating those values in architectural and technical façade decisions.
The research develops, applies, and evaluates a Value–Indicator Framework for modular façade renovation in social housing. Through literature review and cross-case analysis of eight European social-housing renovation cases, six recurring resident values are identified: comfort, affordability, fairness, empowerment, sustainability, and identity. These values are translated into architectural design indicators that could guide the modular façade design.
The framework is then operationalised through the Value-Integrated Modular Façade System (VIMFS), a two-layer system in which Layer 1 provides a standardised technical performance baseline, including insulation, airtightness weather protection. Layer 2 the adaptive socio-technical interface, carries the bounded resident-facing variation, through value-affinity clusters and a component catalogue.
The framework is tested through Research by Design on a post-war walk-up apartment block in Rotterdam-West. A four-step configuration logic translates value priorities into four traceable design variants: V01 Control and Comfort, V02 Clear and Affordable Upgrade, V03 Ecological Renewal and V04 Community Threshold. All variants share the same Layer 1 standardised performance layer so that every resident receives the same technical envelope, while differentiation is produced through the component selection of layer 2 via the catalogue. In short, layer 1 secures fairness across all dwellings; layer 2 allows residents to express what matters to them.
The variants are evaluated through seventeen key performance indicators (KPIs) to test whether resident values remain visible, measurable, and differentiated at design stage.
The resulting scores are V01 = 15/17, V02 = 12.5/17, V03 = 16/17 and V04 = 15.5/17.
This thesis shows that modular façade renovation does not have to choose between industrialised standardisation and resident responsiveness. If variation is bounded, documented, and technically coordinated, an equal technical baseline can coexist with value-led differentiation.
The contribution is not a fully engineered façade product or a validated participation process, but traceable design-stage method for translating resident values into modular façade renovation design.
In doing so, the thesis positions the façade as a socio-technical interface between building performance, modular construction logic, and everyday residential life.