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Journal article(2022)
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Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini-Nasab, Mohammad Rezaee, Martin Taal, Pacelli L.J. Zitha
One of the main reasons for foam flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is mobilizing oil left in the reservoir after primary recovery (depletion by pressure difference solely) and water flooding. However, expanding the infrastructure for certain foam EOR projects might be necessary as more wells are required, or a different well pattern is necessary. This study aims to study the effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosifying agents to assist foam flooding under the porous medium condition and to compare the results. Furthermore, this paper attempts to investigate the use of glycerol as a novel promising economic and ecological candidate instead of polymers. The shear rate inside the core was calculated based on the literature, which was combined with viscometric measurements in order to form four pairs of equal apparent viscosity. The differences and overlap within the core flooding experiments with foam generated by Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were observed by examining the mobility reduction factor under transient and steady-state conditions and by calculating the gas fraction present in the core. It was concluded that glycerol in core flood experiments could reach the same mobility reduction factor of about 1600 as polymer solutions with the same apparent viscosity, as long as the viscosity of the injected solution is reasonably low. Moreover, glycerol even reached the maximum mobility reduction factor faster than the foam generated by the polymer solution.
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One of the main reasons for foam flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is mobilizing oil left in the reservoir after primary recovery (depletion by pressure difference solely) and water flooding. However, expanding the infrastructure for certain foam EOR projects might be necessary as more wells are required, or a different well pattern is necessary. This study aims to study the effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosifying agents to assist foam flooding under the porous medium condition and to compare the results. Furthermore, this paper attempts to investigate the use of glycerol as a novel promising economic and ecological candidate instead of polymers. The shear rate inside the core was calculated based on the literature, which was combined with viscometric measurements in order to form four pairs of equal apparent viscosity. The differences and overlap within the core flooding experiments with foam generated by Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were observed by examining the mobility reduction factor under transient and steady-state conditions and by calculating the gas fraction present in the core. It was concluded that glycerol in core flood experiments could reach the same mobility reduction factor of about 1600 as polymer solutions with the same apparent viscosity, as long as the viscosity of the injected solution is reasonably low. Moreover, glycerol even reached the maximum mobility reduction factor faster than the foam generated by the polymer solution.
Journal article(2019)
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Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini-Nasab, Martin Taal, Pacelli L.J. Zitha, Mohammad Sharifi
Foams show poor stability in enhanced oil recovery applications and stimulation processes in oil-well operations of oil fields. This paper presents a laboratory study to investigate the effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity enhancement materials on improving the stability of foams at bulk conditions. For this goal, glycerol and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) were utilized to enhance the viscosity of foaming agents, which were composed of α-olefin sulfonate surfactant and salinity. To this end, a comparative study of the foam stability in surfactant solution containing different percentages of glycerol, HPAM polymer and a mixture of polymer with glycerol was undertaken. In a foam stability analysis, which was examined in the absence of an oleic phase, several characteristics such as foam volume evolution, foam half-decay time and a liquid fraction of foam were measured over a wide range of concentrations. Evaluating the conductivity and volume of injected gas during foam generation and foam decay provided the foam capacity and the maximum density parameters to characterize the foamability and stability of the generated foam in more detail. The results of bulk foam experiments indicated that polymer and glycerol could either increase or reduce the foamability, but both materials substantially increased foam stability within a certain range of concentrations. This could be explained by increasing the viscosity of the liquid phase of foam in the lamellae that attributed to decreased velocity of liquid drainage from the foam structure. Two regimes of foam drainage and coalescence demonstrated a different behavior for the same viscosity of solutions containing either glycerol or HPAM polymer. The solutions containing glycerol exhibited a small but sharp decay right after stopping the sparging gas, while for high polymer concentrations this did not happen.
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Foams show poor stability in enhanced oil recovery applications and stimulation processes in oil-well operations of oil fields. This paper presents a laboratory study to investigate the effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity enhancement materials on improving the stability of foams at bulk conditions. For this goal, glycerol and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) were utilized to enhance the viscosity of foaming agents, which were composed of α-olefin sulfonate surfactant and salinity. To this end, a comparative study of the foam stability in surfactant solution containing different percentages of glycerol, HPAM polymer and a mixture of polymer with glycerol was undertaken. In a foam stability analysis, which was examined in the absence of an oleic phase, several characteristics such as foam volume evolution, foam half-decay time and a liquid fraction of foam were measured over a wide range of concentrations. Evaluating the conductivity and volume of injected gas during foam generation and foam decay provided the foam capacity and the maximum density parameters to characterize the foamability and stability of the generated foam in more detail. The results of bulk foam experiments indicated that polymer and glycerol could either increase or reduce the foamability, but both materials substantially increased foam stability within a certain range of concentrations. This could be explained by increasing the viscosity of the liquid phase of foam in the lamellae that attributed to decreased velocity of liquid drainage from the foam structure. Two regimes of foam drainage and coalescence demonstrated a different behavior for the same viscosity of solutions containing either glycerol or HPAM polymer. The solutions containing glycerol exhibited a small but sharp decay right after stopping the sparging gas, while for high polymer concentrations this did not happen.
