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The cyan-emitting BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor is a promising narrow-band and high-efficiency luminescent material used in wide-color-gamut white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs). However, its serious degradation under thermal attacks hinders its practical applications and needs to be improved. Herein, we proposed to deposit a nano-sized Al2O3 film around each BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ particle through atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a fluidized bed reactor to improve its thermal stability. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the Al2O3 layer with a thickness of only 11 nm had an obvious anti-oxidization effect, by which the oxidation temperature in air of the Al2O3 coated phosphor was largely increased from ∼550 to ∼750 °C. Moreover, the Al2O3 coated phosphor remained 93% of its luminescence intensity in comparison to 73% of the uncoated one when degraded under water-steam at 200 °C for 24 h. The oxidization of both the BaSi2O2N2 host matrix and the doped Eu2+ ions was reduced by the Al2O3 layer. Meanwhile, the wLEDs fabricated with the Al2O3 coated phosphor showed a luminous flux of 3 times higher than that of the uncoated one when aged under 100 mA for 300 h. The greatly improved thermal degradation property of BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor and the reliability of the wLEDs indicate that the ALD approach could be a feasible route to produce uniform and nano layers on phosphors and enhance their stability.
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The cyan-emitting BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor is a promising narrow-band and high-efficiency luminescent material used in wide-color-gamut white light-emitting diodes (wLEDs). However, its serious degradation under thermal attacks hinders its practical applications and needs to be improved. Herein, we proposed to deposit a nano-sized Al2O3 film around each BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ particle through atomic layer deposition (ALD) in a fluidized bed reactor to improve its thermal stability. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the Al2O3 layer with a thickness of only 11 nm had an obvious anti-oxidization effect, by which the oxidation temperature in air of the Al2O3 coated phosphor was largely increased from ∼550 to ∼750 °C. Moreover, the Al2O3 coated phosphor remained 93% of its luminescence intensity in comparison to 73% of the uncoated one when degraded under water-steam at 200 °C for 24 h. The oxidization of both the BaSi2O2N2 host matrix and the doped Eu2+ ions was reduced by the Al2O3 layer. Meanwhile, the wLEDs fabricated with the Al2O3 coated phosphor showed a luminous flux of 3 times higher than that of the uncoated one when aged under 100 mA for 300 h. The greatly improved thermal degradation property of BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor and the reliability of the wLEDs indicate that the ALD approach could be a feasible route to produce uniform and nano layers on phosphors and enhance their stability.
Journal article(2021)
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Guan ting Zhang, Edward Verbree, Xiao jun Wang
Sustainable development can only be achieved with an innovative improvement from the way we currently analyze, design, build and manage our urban spaces. Current digital analysis and design methods for cities, such as visibility analysis, deeply rely on mapping and modeling techniques. However, most methods fall short of depicting the real visual landscape in the urban realm and this could bring a significant error in visibility calculations which may lead to an improper decision for urban spaces. The technical development of light detection and ranging(LiDAR) technology introduces new approaches for urban study. LiDAR utilizes point clouds including thousands or even millions of georeferenced points, and thus can support 3-D digital representation of urban landscape with detailed information and high resolution. Besides the superiority in representing urban landscape, LiDAR point clouds also has a clear advantage in quantitative analysis and provides better visibility than traditional models. In this paper, we first introduced a novel approach to map visibility in the urban built environment involving vegetation data directly using airborne LiDAR point clouds. This approach calculates neighborhood statistics for occlusion detection. Then we presented 2 case with different scenarios showing how our approach can be used to obtain a precise visibility in an urban area in the Netherlands. At last, we discussed how point clouds based visibility models can be further explored and can better assist urban design.
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Sustainable development can only be achieved with an innovative improvement from the way we currently analyze, design, build and manage our urban spaces. Current digital analysis and design methods for cities, such as visibility analysis, deeply rely on mapping and modeling techniques. However, most methods fall short of depicting the real visual landscape in the urban realm and this could bring a significant error in visibility calculations which may lead to an improper decision for urban spaces. The technical development of light detection and ranging(LiDAR) technology introduces new approaches for urban study. LiDAR utilizes point clouds including thousands or even millions of georeferenced points, and thus can support 3-D digital representation of urban landscape with detailed information and high resolution. Besides the superiority in representing urban landscape, LiDAR point clouds also has a clear advantage in quantitative analysis and provides better visibility than traditional models. In this paper, we first introduced a novel approach to map visibility in the urban built environment involving vegetation data directly using airborne LiDAR point clouds. This approach calculates neighborhood statistics for occlusion detection. Then we presented 2 case with different scenarios showing how our approach can be used to obtain a precise visibility in an urban area in the Netherlands. At last, we discussed how point clouds based visibility models can be further explored and can better assist urban design.
