We examine the problem of determining whether a multiqubit two-local Hamiltonian can be made stoquastic by single-qubit unitary transformations. We prove that when such a Hamiltonian contains one-local terms, then this task can be NP-hard. This is shown by constructing a class of Hamiltonians for which performing this task is equivalent to deciding 3-SAT. In contrast, we show that when such a Hamiltonian contains no one-local terms then this task is easy; namely, we present an algorithm which decides, in a number of arithmetic operations over R which is polynomial in the number of qubits, whether the sign problem of the Hamiltonian can be cured by single-qubit rotations.@en

We examine the problem of determining if a 2-local Hamiltonian is stoquastic by local basis changes. We analyze this problem for two-qubit Hamiltonians, presenting some basic tools and giving a concrete example where using unitaries beyond Clifford rotations is required in order to decide stoquasticity. We report on simple results for n-qubit Hamiltonians with identical 2-local terms on bipartite graphs. Our most significant result is that we give an efficient algorithm to determine whether an arbitrary n-qubit XYZ Heisenberg Hamiltonian is stoquastic by local basis changes.@en