Van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) have garnered significant attention for their promising applications in optoelectronics, attributed to their exceptional physical attributes. In this study, we present a straightforward approach to fabricating high-performance vdWHs photodetectors. Specifically, we prepared WSO_x/WS₂ vdWH photodetectors through the ozone oxidation of a WS₂ thin films at 100 °C. To characterize the morphology and optical properties of both the WS₂ and WSO_x/WS₂ thin films, we utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to delve into the structural evolution by scrutinizing the bonding states of W, O, and S in the WS₂ before and after the ozone oxidation process. The resultant WSO_x/WS₂ vdWH photodetectors exhibited impressive photoelectric performance at wavelengths of 475 nm and 532 nm. It demonstrated a high responsivity of 230.7 A/W, a remarkable specific detectivity of 1.794 × 10¹¹ Jones, and a swift response speed of 60 ms at 475 nm. Furthermore, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were conducted to validate the oxidation kinetics of monolayer WS₂, the type II energy band alignment, and the interlayer charge transfer within the WSO_x/WS₂ vdWH. This research contributes novel insights into the synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal oxides (TMOs)-transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) heterostructures for photodetector applications.