The main research in question regards what is Bricolage in architecture. This topic is strikingly valuable to contemporary demand, given the fact that there is a considerable amount of buildings and building elements that do not carry a value that is strong enough to be considered historical or cultural. In fact, often the meaning of Bricolage crosses the line with the one of Spolia, which consists of a twist respect to the first one, in the sense that a Spolia gains a further value, recalling a former life, a significance that revives identity and history. The questions of this research investigate the role of bricolage and spolia in today’s context and the way in which bricolage can be applied to architecture, and the value that bricolage assumes within it, in particular, related to monetary value, durability, and sustainability. There is a limited amount of resources available, and even if the moment in which they are going to be over seems distant, it’s going to be reached. Thus, it is of extreme relevance to start learning now the possibilities of second hand construction materials, the processes and limits to overcome, as well as the potentials. There are many ways in which the subject of Bricolage in architecture could be approached, leading to different orientations within the field. Nevertheless, the focus of the thesis is directed more towards the material sphere, in which the potentials of re-use and adaptation of building elements of various nature are investigated.Simultaneously, the possibilities of integration of both the new and the old materials are pivotal aspects to be scrutinized, while on the other side, the material properties should be taken into consideration for the components and elements to work together. In addition, the portion of the research that is most relevant to be described consists of the study and onsite observation and analysis of the practice of dealing with the concept of bricolage in these terms, that regard the reuse of materials and any available elements of architecture. The design results in a series of buildings realized with the most reused materials possible, with a program and a composition responding to the needs of the area. To be more specific, it will involve the realization of a promenade composed on one side by a work of sew and cut, dealing with existing buildings combined with new ones.Eventually, the design is based on actual resources found available, partially from site demolitions, partially from contemporary demolitions around the city of Brussels, and, as a third source, in the moment in which the first two ones are not enough, from Opalis, an online database presenting all the major resellers of second hand construction elements in Belgium. These material resources, instead of a design limit, will represent a potential for future design approaches that will inevitably be taken into consideration in future times.

Across a period of multiple crises and a structurally instable government, amongst other things, there has been a strong national decline in cultural activity, production, and presence in the city of Beirut. With this, national identity is faltering, and citizens begin to give up on their home nation. Who can is emigrating, and the rest lay abandoned and discouraged in an increasingly privatized and unwelcoming environment. What role can culture play in the complex transitions cities are currently going through? What aspects can be combined in order to suggest architecture appropriate for a scenario of hardships, which also strengthens national identity and the image of the city? Ultimately, how can a building complex informed by cultural production contribute to the narration and revival of cultural activity? The task at hand is the design of a productive building which revolves around a culturally relevant produce and manages to evoke the social rituals and greater historic context which go with it. This should strengthen and reinstate pride towards local produce, reform ties to the country and its rich lands, and also support the citizens and the complex urban life which surround it. The design of an urban winery and arak distillery shall be the assignment utilized as means of researching and exploring this challenge.

Semarang is one of the biggest cities in Indonesia under the process of urbanisation, which threatens the underdeveloped capacity of the city. Street vendors booming is an evident phenomenon of urbanisation, it is a new way of urban living to survive in the urban capitalist growth circumstances. Being the majority of the informal sector, street vendors are highly resilient but they also bring environmental impacts to the city and other urban dwellers. The thesis is a process of design by research, research by design to explore urban landscape intervention that facilitate and manage street vendors with an incentive building approach for an inclusive future development. The thesis is under the Shared Heritage Lab which explores the shared history between The Netherlands and Indonesia in terms of cultural and architectural heritage. It is also a cross disciplinary research between heritage architecture, architectural engineering, landscape architecture and urbanism, collaborated with Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) and Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Ergoed (RCE) of the Dutch municipality.

The Landbouwbelang Building in Maastricht is located on the western banks of the river Maas. As an important part of the cultural heritage of Maastricht, this building shows the historical relation between the city and the river it is named after. The old warehouse has large industrial cranes dominating the riverfront. Graffiti covers the facades and its surroundings, giving the place an uninviting, yet iconic atmosphere. But behind its doors lies a vibrant underground scene of squatters and artists which surprisingly welcomes you inside. It is at this point you realize this place has value. Not just for the preservation of its city's historical architecture, but also for further development of a place which brings people together. There is potential to transform this building to a multifunctional event building for the surrounding neighborhood.

The urban spaces that arise as a result of urban shrinkage and decay are loosely defined (Franck & Stevens, 2007). The ambiguity of these spaces provides a potential outlet for accidental or spontaneous encounters, informal activities and alternatives to our increasingly commodified, controlled and privatised 'open' urban spaces. Many topographic unions, particularly those that are easily accessible and large enough to contain interesting physical features, have the potential to become 'dynamic 'indeterminate spaces'' or 'slot areas' (free zones).As undefined ambiguous places, these sites are highly inclusive of environmental renewal within and outside themselves. This means that interstitial sites temporarily or non-temporarily allow for any movement to take place in the city. The design task begins with an urban memory path based on void and leftover places.The understanding of the sites as carrying memories depends on the audience. They can be anyone, human or non-human. So, let's make the audience the players. And we, the designers, are the directors.

Aligning the urban environment to concrete urban processes, increasing the liveability, is one of the major challenges urban planners are facing. Adapting the built-environment to cope with soil sealing, climate change, the densification of cities with the ‘compact city’ concept and other urban demands, constantly pressure the quality of urban environment. Being part of the Dutch building culture for centuries, urban domestic gardens have played a significant (spatial) role in Dutch cities, taking up a significant part of the urban environment, and providing a private outdoor space for residents. The ongoing urban processes can or will affect the role urban domestic gardens play and how they are being used or implemented into the urban environment. For this research, the neighbourhood the Tarwewijk in Rotterdam has been used to investigate and explore how urban domestic gardens can contribute to a more liveable urban environment through a sustainable urban regeneration, in response to concrete urban demands. The research shows that rethinking the implementation of urban domestic gardens leads to an increase of the liveability in the Tarwewijk, by using specific, transferable values to improve the quality of the public spaces and buildings. Transferring the values related to eating, learning, working, playing and meeting from the social environment, and greening, cooling and infiltrating from the physical environment into public spaces increase the accessibility to values of gardens, without the need to provide urban domestic gardens to every single household, taking up valuable space in existing cities. It also shows that the regeneration of urban domestic gardens to semi-private shared gardens serve as a mechanism for the densification and diversification of the built environment, improving urban structures and physical forms, with related social processes and liveability.

The project developed as a continuous effort to define the idea of spolia. A term that surpasses the re-appropriation of material becoming an active approach to architecture becoming an attitude towards the city and the landscape in the consciousness that a deep relation is established between the forms and the culture that generate these forms. The project developed a Sport Hall in Brussels as a social condenser.

This graduation research studies the potentials of London derelicts and the interstitial spaces as the new driver of urban transformation. The study aims to reconnect the lost socio-spatial relationship of those spaces to the surrounding context. Here, leisure is utilized as the diagnostic tool to understand the overlooked spatial quality of those spaces. Leisure also acts as the catalyst to invite the public and generate diverse activities in the interstitial spaces of various scales. The investigation focused on the interstitial spaces juxtaposed with the transportation networks, specifically, the canals, that are derelict and disconnected from urban productive systems. It started by finding the predominant elements of derelict interstitial spaces and resulted in three elements: #Flow, #Relics, #Vagueness. The study then continued to the site-specific context at the chosen site location: Kensal Canalside, to understand the urban affordances and the intrinsic quality of the spaces where leisure took place. In the design project, interstitial spaces are explored as an operational tool for design intervention. Furthermore, the interstitial spaces can be the ground of hybrid encounters focusing on the usage adaptability of the space. Usage adaptability refers to the user interpretation of the space that allows various scenarios to happen. The main idea of the design is to provide spaces that promote spontaneous interactions between people and communities. Furthermore, as a design approach, reflective nostalgia can strengthen the relics and their long-established relationships within the larger social context. Therefore, by integrating all those aspects, the site will blend itself with the buildings as an open stage, where pedestrians and visitors can become the participants, not just passer-byers. As a result, the building plinth becomes part of the landscape where interstitial spaces guide users’ perceptions.

Like many other coastal cities, Semarang is facing many interconnected water-related issues that are exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization. Riverside kampungs, as the product of unregulated urbanization, are usually blamed for the water pollution and are regarded as the social outcast and burden to the society. Removing the riverside kampungs has been a common practice in Indonesian cities to deal with the problem of water pollution. Massive infrastructure such as polders, sea dykes and river normalization are implemented to attempt to resolve the urgent and frequent water issues, while these measures fail to address the root causes of frequent flooding, clean freshwater scarcity and land subsidence in Semarang. To mitigate the water-related issues and improve the inhabitants’ living qualities in riverside kampungs, this project aims at creating a culturally productive landscape by regenerating the ecosystem services of the urban riverine landscape with interventions that provide economic incentives for the inhabitants to sustain and maintain the design. It attempts to argue that riverside kampungs should in fact be integrated as part of the urban ecosystem by creating landscape patterns that can be translated and implemented in the local context, so as to achieve ecological goals while meeting physical, economic and societal needs.

Waste has always been with humans, and its amount will increase drastically, along with rapid urbanization and globalization. Improperly treated waste causes problems such as water pollution and disease, impedes living quality. Developing countries suffer more because of their hysteretic economic and social development. Landfill, as the predominant waste dealing measure, struggles to handle the current situation due to the gap between the waste amount and the land it requires. How to establish decentralized waste management should be examined to adapt to the inevitable future of living with waste. Semarang is the fifth big city in Indonesia, also the capital of Central Java Province. Its unplanned city expansion since the last century fails to equip the city with effective waste infrastructure and leaves no space for people and nature to interwave. Consequently, it creates an unhygienic and unattractive environment and undermines the living quality. This project looks at Kampung Kranggan as the test site in the light of its commercial importance, strategic location, and rich culture. The design explores how waste flows can be integrated into daily life activities and empower the locals in building their living environment. Landscape interventions help to contribute to a healthy environment and, more importantly, create social and economic impacts, meanwhile become the starting point of mindset and behavior change about waste.

The project seeks a strategic planning of integrating urban agriculture into part of the green infrastructure for Rotterdam Zuid, which hopes to open up the possibilities of urban agriculture to inspire people like planners, decision makers and residents. The proposal based on the collaborative communication combining the supportive policy, spatial feasibility and the participation of citizens. The vision embeds a city-scale green network within the city, reconfiguring the relationship between the existing landscape and the potential leftover space. The healthy green network contains agricultural and nonagricultural programs, where the interaction between urban agriculture and other green infrastructure enriches the activities and experience in the city. The project aims to generate a large scale, long-term and flexible vision as well as a set of spatial tools of urban agriculture to elaborate into the large-scale vision. The vision requires an operational system that intersects top-down mechanisms and bottom-up initiatives.

With the advent of hybrid education since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for campuses and educational buildings has undergone a transformation. The introduction of hybrid education has led to classrooms being more readily vacated than before, as students now have the option to attend classes remotely from home. To address this increase in vacancy, educational buildings that center around hybrid education should incorporate hybrid programming. This is where the significance of hybrid architecture for educational buildings becomes evident, also in case of the Vertical Campus that will be designed for a new green area near The Hague Central Station. This problem statement forms the following research question: How can hybrid architecture and hybrid education be connected through a building designed with hybrid building technologies located in a new green area near The Hague Central Station? The objective is to design an educational building suited for hybrid education using hybrid building technologies and hybrid design solutions for the programming whilst being located in a new green area near The Hague Central Station

The goal of this thesis is to propose an architectural framework for designing a rehabilitation facility in Berlin to provide patients in need with the greatest possible recovery experience. It also provides much-needed follow-up treatment for Berliner patients following acute hospitalisation, eliminating the need for unnecessary and costly hospitalisations and allowing for early releases. The framework will be built around an examination of how architecture could influence the mental and physical state of recovering patients to improve their rehabilitation experience. This research will be implemented by researching the topics; Architecture, Clients, Program and Site. This will result in a design brief for a health promoting rehabilitation facility.

The Commuversity serves a dual purpose as both a public space and a campus, blending seamlessly into the urban fabric of The Hague. My graduation design aims to create a vertical campus for the 21st century, serving as a vessel for a learning community to form while extending the city's horizontal public space

The Commuversity serves a dual purpose as both a public space and a campus, blending seamlessly into the urban fabric of The Hague. My graduation design aims to create a vertical campus for the 21st century, serving as a vessel for a learning community to form while extending the city's horizontal public space

The assignment of this graduation project was to design “The Vertical Campus: A Public Hub of the Future in The Hague”, a mixed-used building that contains public, university and (governmental) office spaces of about 30.000 m2. My problem statement addressed the issues of well-being and mental health of students in higher education and how urban densification can be designed vertically with a mixed-use building program. This led me to the architectural concept of Biophilic Design and how nature can promote evidence-based wellbeing and academic performance. Thus, my design proposal is called “Campus of Wellbeing: The Biophilic Knowledge Hub”. Hereby, I propose a design that is situated on the edge of the park (‘Koekamp’) in front of the Central Station of The Hague. It’s a fragmented structure, a green hybrid, that merges architecture and nature, and aims to dissolve the “Green Border” between city fabric and forest. This urban concept is accompanied by the design of the ‘Biophilic Space Catalogue’. In this catalogue, I’m presenting the conclusions from my literature research that resulted into the design of different architectural spaces dedicated to various user groups, ranging from public to students or nature. On a technical level, I was looking into how materiality and a passive climate concept can support my approach of designing healthier spaces and how a large-scale building can contribute to a better urban climate despite densification. Besides that, with this project I was also experimenting with the structure to reach my design objective of having a low impact on the ground floor because of the project's sensitive environment being located in a park including various plant and animal species.

The assignment of this graduation project was to design “The Vertical Campus: A Public Hub of the Future in The Hague”, a mixed-used building that contains public, university and (governmental) office spaces of about 30.000 m2. My problem statement addressed the issues of well-being and mental health of students in higher education and how urban densification can be designed vertically with a mixed-use building program. This led me to the architectural concept of Biophilic Design and how nature can promote evidence-based wellbeing and academic performance. Thus, my design proposal is called “Campus of Wellbeing: The Biophilic Knowledge Hub”. Hereby, I propose a design that is situated on the edge of the park (‘Koekamp’) in front of the Central Station of The Hague. It’s a fragmented structure, a green hybrid, that merges architecture and nature, and aims to dissolve the “Green Border” between city fabric and forest. This urban concept is accompanied by the design of the ‘Biophilic Space Catalogue’. In this catalogue, I’m presenting the conclusions from my literature research that resulted into the design of different architectural spaces dedicated to various user groups, ranging from public to students or nature. On a technical level, I was looking into how materiality and a passive climate concept can support my approach of designing healthier spaces and how a large-scale building can contribute to a better urban climate despite densification. Besides that, with this project I was also experimenting with the structure to reach my design objective of having a low impact on the ground floor because of the project's sensitive environment being located in a park including various plant and animal species.

Berlin, as a metropolitan city in Europe, is linked with diverse ground transportation within the city. To promote the concept of UAM (Urban Air Mobility)/AAM (Advanced Air Mobility), the introduction of vertiport design as an innovative and sustainable heliport drives the transport efficiency and processing service for the rising number of regional travellers. The research part addresses two main aspects following three primary literature materials. One is from the perspective of human experience with architecture, and the other is from technical considerations such as the functional concerns of airport design. And the design aims to represent the verticality of the movement between eVTOL(Electric Vertical Take off and Landing aircraft) and passengers, at the same time, the project sets an ambition to create a new design strategy and expression of the building typology, vertiport towards future aviation infrastructure.

Berlin, as a metropolitan city in Europe, is linked with diverse ground transportation within the city. To promote the concept of UAM (Urban Air Mobility)/AAM (Advanced Air Mobility), the introduction of vertiport design as an innovative and sustainable heliport drives the transport efficiency and processing service for the rising number of regional travellers. The research part addresses two main aspects following three primary literature materials. One is from the perspective of human experience with architecture, and the other is from technical considerations such as the functional concerns of airport design. And the design aims to represent the verticality of the movement between eVTOL(Electric Vertical Take off and Landing aircraft) and passengers, at the same time, the project sets an ambition to create a new design strategy and expression of the building typology, vertiport towards future aviation infrastructure.

Exploration on the peri-urban transition zone between Trieste and its hinterland Karst through housing, recreation and transportation infrastructure. The design proposal consists of system of small interventions that take into account the land management problems of the peri-urban hills.