Recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology have proven to offer viable alternatives for energy production, transport, and storage. As far as thermal energy is concerned, nanofluids have emerged as a novel method to enhance heat transfer. Indeed, nanofluids exhibit superior thermal capabilities, which may be able to meet the requirement of high heat dissipation rate in limited space advanced by various high-tech industries. In particular, boiling heat transfer is an efficient heat removal mechanism that may be further improved by using nanofluids. Indeed, it has been reported that nanoparticles play a crucial role in affecting the parameters which have major impact on the boiling process (i.e. thermophysical properties of the fluid, heating surface morphology, near-surface hydrodynamics). Being boiling very sensitive to surface characteristics, the latter factors have been found to have a significant influence on the boiling heat transfer coefficient. Hence, the aim of the present research is to elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying pool boiling of nanofluids. Based on this framework, a pool boiling test facility has been designed and validated, thus enabling to conduct a comparative study on boiling of a pure fluid (water) and a water-alumina 0.1% 𝑤𝑡 nanofluid. The pool boiling experiments were performed on six aluminium samples, which were characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and WLI (white light interferometry) before and after boiling in order to highlight the change in surface topography. The research efforts were targeted at correlating the trend of the boiling curves and the surface parameters of the corresponding sample. Nonetheless, due to the limited dataset and the inconsistencies in the behaviour of the tested nanofluid, further investigation is required to assess the potential of nanofluids as more efficient heat transfer media.