Hybrid construction methods that combine 3D concrete printing (3DCP) and modular precast techniques have the potential to improve precision, reduce material waste, and increase automation in building construction. Despite this potential, the lack of defined workflows and activity definitions presents a challenge for practical application. Therefore, this study develops a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and a construction process framework to support planning and execution in hybrid 3D-printed modular construction through a systematic review and direct observation in a digital fabrication laboratory. The review identified construction work items for 3DCP and precast modular methods and revealed four distinct sequencing patterns. Among them, one pattern that coordinates robotic-assisted 3DCP and precast concrete fabrication in parallel was identified as the most aligned with current industry practice. A five-level WBS was developed based on this pattern to organize activities across offsite and onsite phases. The WBS then informed the development of a construction process framework that outlines activity sequencing, dependencies, and automation integration points throughout the construction stages. The framework illustrates how automation can support conventional modular workflows, including robotic gantry lifting and real-time extrusion monitoring. The findings provide a foundation for future research and serve as a practical reference for coordinating fabrication and assembly activities.

Logistics infrastructure is crucial in urban freight transport and regional economic growth. Airport-centric development has emerged as a potential solution for urban logistics by enabling faster freight movement and broader geographic coverage while integrating business, commercial, and industrial zones. However, this approach faces significant challenges, particularly in emerging economies like Indonesia, where limited public funding creates a substantial infrastructure financing gap. This study proposes a conceptual design for airport-centric logistics infrastructure to address this issue, using Radin Inten II International Airport in Lampung Province, Indonesia, as a case study. The research adopts a mixed exploratory-descriptive approach that integrates land use planning, transportation networks, and zoning regulations with financial engineering analysis through Life Cycle Cost (LCC) to evaluate spatial and financial feasibility. This study develops the Logistic Aerocity concept, which consists of five key zones: Airport Development, Integrated Logistics Hub, Industrial Park, Commercial Area, and Urban Open Space. The financial analysis confirms that a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) financing scheme enhances investment viability and attracts private-sector participation. The projected Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 15.86% demonstrates the effectiveness of cost-sharing mechanisms between the public and private sectors in ensuring long-term financial sustainability. These insights provide a strategic foundation for policymakers and investors to enhance logistics infrastructure and strengthen urban connectivity through airport-centric development.

For the last few decades, the use of High-Speed Trains (HSTs) has been growing rapidly in various parts of the world. Despite rapid global expansion, many HST projects fail due to demand overestimation and cost overruns. This study analyzes factors influencing HST demand in Indonesia, aiming to identify impactful determinants from user perspectives. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional approach, this research utilized questionnaires distributed to users of different modes of transportation in the Jakarta–Bandung area, including trains, buses, travel services, and private cars. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Lisrel software was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that Transit-Oriented Developments (TOD) and new urban areas significantly increase HST demand by facilitating urban growth and development. Additionally, supporting infrastructure and external factors such as road accessibility, parking availability, shuttle services, and environmental integration are pivotal in shaping commuter preferences. Although factors such as safety, comfort, and reliability are important, they alone may not be adequate to persuade consumers to use high-speed trains for their travel.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is increasingly adopted in emerging economies to manage urbanization, but the financial models underpinning these projects often face significant institutional and market risks. This study addresses a gap by using a financial model not merely as a predictive tool, but as a diagnostic lens to critique the implementation of Indonesian TOD policy. We argue that the dominant model being built is not an integrated transport system but a financially fragile, property-led real estate project. This paper conducts an in-depth, quantitative single-case study of the Poris Plawad TOD project in Greater Jakarta. A Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model was developed to assess the project’s Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) over a 25-year lifecycle. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis and stress-test scenarios were performed to evaluate the project’s viability against correlated, “front-loaded” risks. The analysis reveals that the project is marginally viable under its base case, with an IRR (10.30%) that only slightly exceeds the WACC (8.74%). The stress-test scenarios demonstrate that the project is not resilient. A realistic scenario combining a 3-year delay and a 20% CAPEX overrun causes the project to become unfeasible, with an IRR of 5.80%. The findings show this financial fragility is a direct result of its model of a real estate venture structurally disconnected from high-capacity rail transit. The paper recommends a combination of Land Value Capture (LVC), Viability Gap Funding (VGF), and tailored Rail + Property (R + P) models to create a more resilient financial foundation for TOD initiatives in emerging economies.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is expected to increase public use of mass transportation and reduce private vehicle usage. However, its development entails a high financial investment. This paper determines a financing scheme to boost private sector investment in TOD projects, considering the TODs in Indonesia’s Jabodebek Light Rail Transi (LRT) as the case study. Simulation of cost-sharing scenarios between public and private sectors was simulated to form the financing scheme, along with the benchmarking study to establish the institutional scheme. The findings reveal that an optimal Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 14.92%, indicates that the project is financially viable. The optimal distribution of initial cost, operational and maintenance cost, and revenue incurred to the private sector are 39.86%, 66.02%, and 72.02%, respectively. The government is responsible for developing and operating the proposed institutional scheme's LRT and other supporting infrastructure, while the private sector handles the development and operation of TOD mixed-used properties.

Micro, Small, and Medium Business (MSMEs) are vital to the Indonesian economic development, and the government is focusing on this sector for post-pandemic recovery. There is an emphasis on infrastructure such as urban green spaces, or Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). RTHs have untapped potential as centers for agricultural and processing MSMEs. However, these businesses often face financing challenges, prompting the exploration of alternative scheme like crowdfunding. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) explore how RTH lands can be leveraged for local economic activities, and (2) devise a public fund-based crowdfunding financing model. Using RTH Kalijodo in Jakarta as a case study, the study included literature reviews, benchmarking, fieldwork, and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis. The results show the need for the development of vertical hydroponics, tilapia farming, and tilapia fillet processing business in RTH Kalijodo. Financial analyses, including IRR calculations exceeding the 10.41% WACC, a positive NPV, and a payback period under five years, show the financial viability of these sectors.