The aviation sector must reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The European Commission introduced the Fit for 55 package and ReFuelEU Aviation regulation to reduce the emissions. Part of ReFuelEU is the obligatory use of sustainable aviation fuels, including synthetic variants (eSAF). eSAF can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 90% compared to traditional kerosene. Power2X and Advario have decided to partner up and build the first large-scale eSAF production facility in Rotterdam by 2030, producing 250,000 tons of eSAF annually. This accounts for 40% of the needed European supply based on ReFuelEU aviation blending obligations. Currently, the feasibility of these large-scale production facilities remains uncertain due to high production costs, immaturity of hydrogen and eSAF production technologies, and unclear regional (national) policy support that does not align with international policies. Existing research emphasizes the need for a systemic change apart from..