Reshaping the shopping mall into a public space - Over the last century, shopping has been transformed into an urban institution through the shopping mall. Originally designed as a meeting place for the population, it was meant to serve as a multipurpose town center that would enhance the human network of activity in the suburbs, safe from the seasons. However, since its conception, retail spaces have taken precedence over the consumer itself and their use as a ‘public space’. However, with the rise of e-commerce, the typical mall design favoring retail is struggling to compete, resulting in closures and abandonment. It is at this crossroads, that this project reconsiders the structure of the mall as a public space that sets the individual above retail and seeks to answer, ‘How the architecture of consumerism can be reshaped to create public space?’.

This project takes the Nautica Keskus mall by the ferry terminal in Tallinn, Estonia, and deconstructs
the consumerist design factors to reach its underlying presence as a public space. The existing
building is given a new rooting in its surroundings by fragmenting the mass and softening its edges.
Taking precedence from the closure of malls and their abandonment, nature is allowed to take over
and revitalize its interior. The building is transformed into an urban park creating natural wildness in an otherwise organized typology. Rather than destroying the building, a heritage approach is taken, seeing malls as a remnant of their time. Three new functions are specified in the building: public functions (library, workshop, and theater), greenhouses and open nature reflecting the Estonian landscape. The building is reused to show the varying states of possible decay, either through complete reuse of the existing, structural reuse only, or natural decay of the structure.

This thesis seeks to understand how the architecture of embassies has changed since the 19th century. Historically, it was not the building but the ambassador that reflected the state. With the focus moving toward permanent buildings that can undertake the vast bureaucracy of modern diplomacy, the representation of the state has moved from ambassador to building. This has brought into question how a state represents itself in a foreign nation. The focus of this question will examine the US, UK, and Dutch embassies in Berlin. Berlin has been the capital of 5 different states in the last century. With the fall of the Wall, Berlin and Germany sought to reunify themselves not only administratively but architecturally too. Perhaps for the first time, foreign nations did not look to only their own culture for inspiration but toward Berlin and its rebuild. The symbiosis of host and foreign nations is uniquely represented in the embassies of Berlin.