Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders represent the largest occupational health burden in the European union, imposing significant economic and societal burdens. In this study, an ergonomic risk assessment at Bilfinger SE identified the scaffolders' passing-on task, involving repetitive vertical transfer of heavy materials, as the highest-risk activity among their services.

Additionaly, in-situ markerless kinematic (OpenCap) and kinetic (acceleration and forces) captures, as well as \textit{in-silico} biomechanical analysis (OpenSim) were combined to uncover the highest-impact areas of the passing-on task on three experienced scaffold workers.

Inverse Dynamics analysis revealed that when external forces (stander weight) were included, mean lumbar lateral bending and rotation moments increased by over 10%. Shoulder flexion moments exceeded 60 degrees regularly, with the dominant arm experiencing over 15% higher mean moments over the non-dominant arm. Smaller materials (ledger, console) resulted in average mean joint moments that are 25% higher compared to the stander: 39.8 and 40.3 Nm compared to 31.3 Nm. The mean shoulder flexion moment in the dominant arm was 55% (ledger) and 20% (console) higher compared to the non-dominant arm.

These findings highlight excessive lumbar lateral bending and rotation, and asymmetric arm usage as key risk factors for WMSDs.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of a combined in-situ andin-silico approach of uncovering high-impact areas within occupational workers, informing targeted interventions.

Future works should address OpenCap's limitations, explore the biomechanical effects of compensatory movements, and the develop interventions to mitigate the identified risks.