This graduation project argues for an alternative circular and healthy construction approach that can be applied to renovate other existing 1960s and 70s concrete buildings in the Netherlands. It integrates historic techniques such as press-fit timber connections, and uses natural and local harvested materials to provide the Hugo R. Kruytgebouw a material conscious and environmentally friendly second-life.

This study aims to reflect on the origin of Dr. H.P Berlage’s architectonic principles and systems of measurement to uncover how he designed and why he voiced certain thoughts on mass production. This is done by analyzing his architectural background and writings, namely Normalisatie in Woningbouw and Thoughts on Style. One chapter is devoted to analyzing Berlage’s proportional and modular brick systems in the Gemeentemuseum and Beurs van Berlage. Two modern case-studies by Guerst & Schultz Architecten which were inspired by the study of Berlage’s brick systems are also analyzed followed by a short personal exploration. These case-studies help reveal how the smallest module in a building can be used as a system of measurement to create sophisticated “unity in variety” – the main design principle Berlage strived for. By examining the origins of Berlage’s tectonic theories in practice one sees the impact they had on his designs and the merit they still provide to the next generations of architects. Based on this work, it can be concluded that Berlage’s design process results in an overly complex methodology that may provide limitations or be too difficult for practical use; however, if chosen, it could result in an enriched and fulfilling architectural vision.