In the face of climate change, we are confronted with both rising water levels and water scarcity almost simultaneously. These challenges have brought new attention to rivers as crucial elements in urban planning. Yet often in architectural design, rivers are treated as existing elements on site rather than actors that can express their needs in shaping the city. This research constructs a narrative of the Vistula River’s voice in Warsaw, interpreting its needs through its social and ecological significance. It explores how reimagining the river as an active participant of planning debates can inform more responsive, context-sensitive urban design and architecture.
The paper addresses the question of what it means to design with the river, rather than merely around it. It challenges the dominant paradigm, which often disregards the complexity of the environmental role of the water bodies. Instead, the research highlights the intricate relationships between water, land, and community. The emerging global movement of granting legal personhood for rivers has expanded environmental protection, especially in the Global South. The presented approach focuses on building engagement and a personal relationship between the river and people as a key step to protect riverine ecosystems.
The goal of this research was to come as close as possible to the voice of the river – what the Vistula in Warsaw would say about itself and its future. Through qualitative research methods - on-site observation, audiovisual documentation, and interviews with stakeholders connected to the river - the study generated individual narratives that were analyzed and interpreted poetically to construct a collective voice for the river.
Findings reveal that the Vistula’s voice is one rooted in biodiversity, historical identity, and inclusivity. While its interpretations differ across user groups, there are aspects that are common and can be defined as the core of the river’s voice. Vistula gives life and seeps into its surroundings, influencing the biological richness of the area that it flows through. Animals are seen as the river’s primary users, but the Vistula welcomes all living beings, and responsible human activity. Its voice advocates for unregulated flow and improved water quality, while opposing development driven by short-term economic interests. At the same time, it encourages to keep a safe distance from sensitive areas, but bring people close enough to observe nature and be willing to protect it.
The study proposes a design approach grounded in attentiveness to natural rhythms and traditional practices, such as those of the Olęder culture. By shifting perspective toward the river’s own voice, designers and policymakers can increase sensitivity to the impact that their project will potentially have. It can also help them build more sustainable, respectful relationships between urban life and the river. The methodology offers potential applications in environmental education, legal frameworks, and further research on rivers in similar contexts.

This research investigates the importance of leisure practices in bringing rivers back to cities. It explores the historical and present significance of water-based recreation and its role in urban ecosystems. The paper analyses the development of waterfronts from centres of social activity, through their industrialization and neglect, to a recent rise in interest in restoring urban waterways. It looks at the revival of waterfronts in cities through the perspective of leisure practices, showing that reintroducing the once present water-based activities and adding new ones can contribute to establishing the social connectivity of the river. The research uses two case studies based in different contexts – Copenhagen's harbour and Cheonggyecheon stream in Seoul. This allows a perspective on various approaches to urban waterfront restoration, and noticing patterns that can be applicable in other developments.
Literature search showed a gap in scholarly writing regarding the recreational use of waterfronts and its importance for establishing a connection between the river and the city. Articles that cover the topic of water-based urban leisure practices usually don’t look at their historical context. This paper combines a historical study of recreational activities practiced near urban rivers with research on contemporary guidelines regarding waterfront restoration, leading to a thorough overview of the role of leisure in reestablishing the social connectivity of rivers.