In this paper, we propose the design of a reconfigurable metasurface filter incorporating phase change materials (PCMs). This filter is part of a novel spaceborne spectrometer concept for atmospheric monitoring. The metasurface filter consists of PCMs pillars embedded in a diamond matrix. The combination of shape and material properties results in resonances that give rise to specific spectral filtering functions. The optical properties of PCMs, and hence the transmission function, change when stimulated with a pulsed laser. In combination with a compressive sensing (CS) algorithm, a limited number of measurements with a single metasurface results in precise reconstructions of the Earth's atmospheric spectrum.