MM
M. Mazza
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Building Trust in the European Digital Identity Wallet
A Mixed-Methods Study of Citizen Trust and Adoption in the Netherlands
Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 (eIDAS 2.0) obliges all EU Member States to offer citizens a European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDIW) by 2026. Voluntary adoption, rather than regulatory compliance alone, will determine whether the wallet succeeds, yet quantified citizen preference research for the Dutch context has been absent from the literature. This thesis addresses that gap through a three-phase mixed-methods design: a systematic literature review, semi-structured expert interviews with three practitioners, and a Stated Choice Experiment (SCE) administered to 88 Dutch respondents across 771 valid choice observations. A Multinomial Logit model estimated on this data shows that governance, the identity of the issuing and managing authority, is the dominant driver of adoption, accounting for 54.3% of total preference variation, with use case breadth second at 31.0%. Citizens in this sample strongly prefer a national government body as issuer, a preference so strong that no improvement in other design attributes can compensate for departing from it. These findings support five conditional design recommendations, including that the Dutch government designate a state agency as a certified qualified trust service provider to issue a state-backed wallet as one option among several, that financial sector integration be prioritised early, and that per-transaction data-sharing control be implemented by default regardless of its measured effect on adoption.
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Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 (eIDAS 2.0) obliges all EU Member States to offer citizens a European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDIW) by 2026. Voluntary adoption, rather than regulatory compliance alone, will determine whether the wallet succeeds, yet quantified citizen preference research for the Dutch context has been absent from the literature. This thesis addresses that gap through a three-phase mixed-methods design: a systematic literature review, semi-structured expert interviews with three practitioners, and a Stated Choice Experiment (SCE) administered to 88 Dutch respondents across 771 valid choice observations. A Multinomial Logit model estimated on this data shows that governance, the identity of the issuing and managing authority, is the dominant driver of adoption, accounting for 54.3% of total preference variation, with use case breadth second at 31.0%. Citizens in this sample strongly prefer a national government body as issuer, a preference so strong that no improvement in other design attributes can compensate for departing from it. These findings support five conditional design recommendations, including that the Dutch government designate a state agency as a certified qualified trust service provider to issue a state-backed wallet as one option among several, that financial sector integration be prioritised early, and that per-transaction data-sharing control be implemented by default regardless of its measured effect on adoption.