NEOM is planning to build a desalination plant for the production of drinking water. The main disadvantage of desalination is the production of brine. Improper disposing of brine into the environment can have negative repercussions, and brine management can be complex due to its inherent characteristics. Brine treatment can be energy-intensive, and usually, the goal is to t avoid producing any further waste that could be discharged into the environment.
In this study, it was proposed to utilize desalination brine as a raw material for the production of 3D printable concrete. The project was conducted in collaboration with the Materials & Environment Department at TU Delft, which was responsible for all the technical experiments related to the utilization of desalination brine for the production of 3D printable concrete. The concrete experiments served as the starting point establishing the requirements for the brine....

Antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medication and have been frequently detected in the municipal sewage and the wastewater from the livestock industry and aquaculture. However, the current wastewater treatment facilities cannot effectively eliminate the antibiotics which consequently may occur in natural water bodies and even in tap water. Some of them may transform in the natural and engineered facilities into new substances called transformation products (TPs), which might even be more problematic than their original forms. In addition, the wide occurrence of antibiotics may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among the exposed microorganisms. ARGs can further spread to other microorganisms which are not in direct contact with the antibiotics. With the involvement of new ecotoxicological methods like proteomics and metabolomics, more subtle impacts of antibiotics, TPs, and ARGs can be revealed. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop effective control technologies for both antibiotics and ARGs. Catalytic oxidation can generate strong oxidative species, e.g. hydroxyl radicals, which are often initiated by catalytic materials or external energy input like photon or ultrasound, which can effectively crack down the antibiotics and inactivate the antibiotics resistance bacteria and their ARGs. The adsorption process is also frequently studied owing to its operation ease which may use a natural product as a cheap adsorbent or a finely designed material with an extremely high adsorption capacity or a strong selectivity towards the target compounds. Nevertheless, attention should also be paid to the handling of the adsorbents loaded with contaminants. This Research Topic aims to report the cutting-edge results of quality studies on the occurrences and impact evaluation of antibiotics, TPs, and ARGs. This Research Topic welcomes high-quality Original Research and Review articles with the topics about the emerging contaminants in water, including but are not limited to the following areas: 1. Occurrence of antibiotics, TPs, and ARGs in wastewater and natural water bodies 2. Transformation of antibiotics in natural and engineered facilities 3. Transferring of ARGs between microorganisms 4. Ecotoxicological evaluation of antibiotics, TPs, and ARGs 5. Catalytic oxidation technologies 6. New adsorbents and handling of loaded adsorbents