This graduation project explores the often-overlooked ecological damage caused by large man-made landscapes. It focuses on creating architecture that critiques, analyzes, and suggests new norms for evolving environments and ecologies. The project blends scientific knowledge with architectural design, using data from environmental science disciplines to make the space an educational tool.
Living Archive aims to break the isolation of Barro Colorado Island. It is an extended space, accessible to more visitors, enhancing the knowledge of a local unique ecology. It introduces a third mediating scale that addresses both small (micro) and large (macro) environmental aspects. The design features spaces that reveal ecological conditions and promote direct sensory experiences.
Inspired by scientific methods and Donna Haraway’s "Situated Knowledge," the project uses architecture as a tool to study Gatun Lake and Barro Colorado Island. Through various experiments and iterations, the project developed into a response driven by curiosity and site-specific needs.
The final structure, a "living archive," marks the space with unique floral features in each room and enhances natural processes like rainwater collection and sun path movement. It includes a series of rooms accessible by boats, creating a new connection between scientists and local inhabitants. This shared space fosters dialogue and a deeper understanding of the environment.
In summary, this project offers a new architectural approach to addressing ecological trauma, integrating scientific collaboration, and creating a dynamic and inclusive environment.

In times where the global housing crisis needs innovative construction methods, 3D printing in concrete arises as a suitable option. Identified as an efficient solution that minimizes construction waste, reduces labor and material costs, and prevents construction errors and cost overruns. This research explores the potential of concrete, an accessible and costeffective material, in 3D printed housing projects. The research emphasizes the importance of modular design for efficient construction and user customization by involving the Kit-of-Parts methodology, creating modular components for easy assembly, enhances design efficiency, cost savings, and flexibility. The thesis explores the integration of complex geometries and non-traditional forms to maximize structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Experimentation with different material properties and construction techniques is conducted to optimize the 3D printing process for housing applications. A key aspect of the research is the integration of user customization in social housing design, aiming to improve living quality by allowing users to influence the architectural layout according to their needs. The study includes designing housing units with interchangeable components and exploring different building iterations and their structural viability. The thesis concludes by demonstrating the practical application of the proposed concepts through physical prototypes, highlighting the potential of 3D printing in revolutionizing the construction industry, particularly in addressing the affordable housing crisis.

The vast area that has become available with the closure of Atatürk Havalimanı has turned into a void in the metropolis. Although it is deeply ingrained in the fabric of the city and its infrastructure, the area is completely closed off and inaccessible to the public. This raises the question: How can architecture transform enclosed urban areas and engender their transformation into public space?

Especially in Istanbul, where the number of enclosed areas has steadily increased, it is relevant to research how architecture can address enclosure. Specifically, the areas abandoned due to the departure and closure of an airport need to be considered because they are deeply integrated into the fabric of the city and its infrastructure. The transformation of the former Atatürk Havalimanı will explore the relationships between the city, the void, and its exclusionary perimeter.

The project aims to establish an approach to the transformation of existing infrastructure. It encompasses various disciplines within the faculty and, therefore, serves as an interesting exercise in transferability. With the practice of architecture becoming an increasingly interdisciplinary field, these types of projects offer valuable insights into the boundaries of the field and how methods traditionally associated with architecture can be applied on larger and smaller scales. The fence-like structure is based on design principles derived from my urban analysis, theoretical research, and the local conditions. Therefore, the design is specific to its site, but the methods discovered throughout the process and the conceptual approach are transferable. For instance, the research and subsequent design consider the thresholds between different identities as spaces with a certain depth. This approach can be valuable in enhancing spaces and reflecting on the spatial conditions that shape them.

This graduation addresses the need to improve living conditions in informal settlements, while also preserving the cultural and social identity of the communities living there. The question of how to improve the living conditions in these settlements while also respecting the cultural and social identity of the residents is a complex one. It requires a holistic approach that takes into account not only physical infrastructure and services, but also the social, economic, and cultural context of the community.
Addressing this research question could have a significant impact on the lives of people living in informal settlements, by improving their living conditions and promoting sustainable development. It could also serve as a model for addressing similar challenges in other cities and countries. Furthermore, it also requires a delicate balance between the preservation of cultural heritage and the need for modernization and improvement of living conditions.

The focus of this thesis is on the phenomenon of the informal settlement and its
informal economy. The location of the graduation project called Tarlabası is an informal settlement in the middle of the city centre of Istanbul. The neighbourhood has been a shelter for the poor, refugees and minorities for generations. The district functions as its own hidden and self-regulating world.
This has created an informal economy that is inextricably linked to the rest of Istanbul, such as the waste/recycling industry. It cannot exist without the informal branch of waste pickers, who are responsible for 80% of recycling in Turkey. The unique district of Tarlabası is seen as bad and criminal by
the authoritarian neoliberal city planners. Therefore, the neighbourhood has already been hit by gentrification processes, ignoring the unique characteristics and social roots of this neighbourhood. Urban renewal or gentrification or however you want to name it, is seen as a necessary tool to erase certain parts of social and physical identities created in the last 50 years via programs of demolition and resettlement. Residents are evicted or given unfair compensation to leave their homes or workplaces. As a result, the gentrification processes result in a displacement of the poor, driving them away from the city centre and their informal work. In 2009, at least one million residents in Istanbul were under threat of forced eviction due to the Urban Transformation Project. The unique characteristics, such as creativity, flexibility, intrinsic value and self-regulation are ignored by the top-down view of modernization, leading to generic neighbourhoods without economic flexibility and with social segregation, but also resulting in a further decline of informal settlements. This thesis aims to take a critical look at the current neoliberalist modernization processes of
urban areas around the world through the case of Istanbul. Urban informality is receiving more and more attention in the literature, but there is still a lot of uncertainty about how we can deal with this phenomenon in urban design and architecture.

This research design project is aiming to explore the spatial and temporal continuity in Den Helder’s Defence Line boundary area which is acting as a transitional area in-between 3 main residential areas. There's a lot of history behind this defensive line area (hidden boundary) that people don't know. And sometimes this linear space is not clearly seen or easily distinguished by people.
The boundary space not only serves as a separation, but it also acts as a bonding agent to connect the two sides as a transition space for people and everything might meet here. In this project, the boundary space is proposed to be divided into four dimensions (length, width, height, and time), and for each, the design strategy is proposed and integrated into the specific design site to enhance this boundary character of the city in these linear spaces and improve these transitional spaces.

The architectural design will guide more travelers and pedestrians into the center of the block differently and interestingly, giving the block a chance to revive the previously hidden and poorly run shops and allow travelers to experience residents' lifestyles more deeply. There is a mechanism of gates to protect the privacy and quality of life of residents in the area. These gates will limit the places that passengers can reach in specific periods. This project will be a negotiated boundary between residents and tourists, allowing residents and tourists to have different territories at different periods.

This paper looks at the concept of extraction of raw materials, labour and communities, as it applies to the Balochistan province of Pakistan, with an emphasis on the port city of Gwadar. Extraction and its spatial consequences are explored with reference to the situation on the ground in Gwadar. Looking at Gwadar through the lense of statecraft finds it to be a zone/ free zone, but it is also simultaneously an extractive zone. This has spatial and demographic consequences, one of which is the imposition of consecutive master plans which aim to establish this zone. It is found that these plans have a recurrently deferred nature that leaves gaps between the planned infrastructure, the realised infrastructure and the already existing locality. These liminal gaps, of a temporal nature, can be places of opportunity to address the spatial and demographic consequences.

The paper investigates the power-relations that define the urbanization of an Extra-Statecraft zone, process them in a phenomenological view of the indigenous people in the case-study of Gwadar, Pakistan. Criticizing the monotonous manner with which the zone Deterritorializes and diminishes existing practices within a context, to argue for the hypothesis that only the symbiosis of smoothness and striation would enrich the landscape, that is otherwise doomed to become a non-place. It raises the concern of the placelessness in recent architecture discourse.

Today's standard spatial experience of the contemporary city is like one of a continuous sequence of small homogeneous functional enclaves via thresholds and leftover spaces, which can be summarized as the 'margins', where plenty of temporary or long-lasting informal practices take place. Those marginal spaces, as well as informal practices they host, are being mostly ignored, but still, have great potentials. They are under constant change, always reflecting the needs of their occupants and inhabitants. Interested in this hidden layer of urban ecology, my concern is how can we as an architect react to the existing informal practices, not in way of negation and demolishment, but respect and continuation. My proposal does not pretend to be able to govern the current processes within the site I studied, nor does it pretend to offer solutions to straightforward problems, for example, ‘problems’ within those informal communities along Baku's railway I investigated - actually it is controversial to decide if the ‘problems’ need to be solved or if there are really 'problems' exist. Instead, I applied the theories and image study methods from my research to the new practice. In a complex block with potential in Tbilisi, I introduce a set of infrastructure, which offers marginal spaces available for occupation and use. The characteristics I've concluded in research should also reflect in the materialization.

My graduation project deals with the topic of “architectural displacement” that proposes to read the built environment as the existence of multiple entities in each one of the entities. In the process of researching and designing, it has been investigated to see how such an understanding could reveal new potentials in architecture and how such spaces would be experienced through.

The problem that discussed is less an issue to the contexts, but a general critical reflection on the disciplinary of architecture. The determinant role of architects in design process and free interpretation of the inhabitants pose the conflictions. Our (architects) creativities and imaginations are confined within the given role and limited with operabilities. Given the roles of designers, we keep outputting active forms for specific functions under the established rules. Programs, dimensions, functions and circulations etc. are introduced into the design, not necessary for the needs of inhabitants, but the demands for well-functioned and convenient purposes. While inhabitants’ perceptions and sensations are constrained within the frameworks set up by the architects. The understandings of determinacy in space are always structured under the existing systems. Even though, it remains a certain extent of indeterminacy in these spaces which is hardly controllable by the ‘dictators.' The inhabitants construct our understanding of the environments by composing fragmented pieces that we encountered by chance. Even if buildings have significantly been distanced from social life through technical and bureaucratic processes, architecture still reflects society. The fast rate of social and technological change and an increasingly autonomous building process led in the same period to a widespread belief in loose-fit between buildings and their contents, and a romantic desire for open-ended flexibility.

Exhibition 1 October - 26 October 2018, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment (Delft University of Technology), Corridor

Seam like spaces is expanding extensively and overlapping with other entities repetitiously.

The seam is a spatial concept that it does exist; however it never reveals its physical properties: rather the seam straddles complexities, and involves itself in other objects converging and diverging. It tells us about an ambiguity of spatial characteristics of interstitial spaces.