The Dutch infrastructure sector faces significant challenges in investment decisions
under uncertainty, particularly in large-scale projects with long lifespans and high sunk costs.
Traditional methods like Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) often fail to account for the value of
flexibility and strategic options, such as deferring, expanding, or abandoning projects in
response to changing conditions. This research examines the Real Options Approach (ROA) as
a complementary method to enhance decision-making in this context. Originating from
financial economics, ROA provides a framework for valuing and managing strategic
investments by recognizing the intrinsic value of flexibility in uncertain environments. The
study assesses the current use of ROA in the Dutch infrastructure sector, identifying barriers to
its adoption and potential enablers. Through literature review and empirical research, including
interviews with key stakeholders, the research highlights the practical challenges and
opportunities associated with implementing ROA. Findings suggest that while ROA is
theoretically appealing, its practical application in the Netherlands is limited due to entrenched
standardized decision-making processes and the significant influence of political
considerations that often prioritize short-term gains. Additionally, there is a widespread lack of
familiarity with ROA, and it is perceived as complex, requiring substantial time and financial
resources. To enhance ROA adoption, the research recommends effective communication to
raise awareness of its benefits, targeted training to build stakeholder competence, and the
simplification and standardization of ROA processes with clear documentation. Moreover,
fostering a cultural and organizational shift towards flexibility and adaptability, along with the
gradual integration of ROA into decision-making, is essential. These measures are crucial for
bridging the gap between ROA's theoretical potential and its practical application, leading to
more informed, flexible, and resilient investment decisions under uncertainty.