Autogenous Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Materials
Zhenming Li (Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen)
Farid Benboudjema (Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette)
Brice Delsaute (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Vilma Ducman (Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije)
Zhangli Hu (Southeast University)
Maïté Lacante (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Ning Li (The University of Manchester)
Tianshi Lu (Southwest Petroleum University)
Yang Lv (Wuhan University of Technology)
Yuwei Ma (Guangzhou University)
Zhengyao Qu (Wuhan University of Technology)
Jesus Rodriguez-Sanchez (Kingspan Innovation Centre IKON)
Stéphanie Staquet (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)
Babak Vafaei (University of Miami)
Guang Ye (TU Delft - Materials and Environment)
Hailong Ye (The University of Hong Kong)
Kangting Yin (Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen)
Zuhua Zhang (Tongji University)
Xiaohong Zhu (Beijing University of Technology)
Lea Žibret (Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije)
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Abstract
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs), as eco-friendly alternatives to Portland cement (PC), have attracted increasing attention of researchers and users in the past decades. Despite the eco-friendly nature of AAMs, doubts about these materials as an essential ingredient of concrete exist, regarding, for example, their volume stability. One possible volume change concerns autogenous shrinkage. Autogenous shrinkage is the self-created volume reduction of materials due to chemical reactions without the need for substance or heat exchange with the environment. If the autogenous shrinkage of a binder material is too large, cracking might happen, which will seriously impair the durability of concrete. The aim of this chapter is to provide a state-of-the-art review on the autogenous shrinkage of AAMs. The different characteristics and mechanisms of autogenous shrinkage of different AAMs are reported. Corresponding shrinkage-mitigating strategies are summarized. Existing models to simulate and predict the autogenous shrinkage of AAMs are reviewed. Remarks are then given on testing methods of autogenous shrinkage, which link back to the determination of the magnitude of autogenous shrinkage of AAMs. Connections between autogenous shrinkage and other deformations such as drying shrinkage, thermal deformation and creep are also discussed. Research gaps and outlook on future research in this field are given in the end.