A 16 MHz CMOS RC Frequency Reference With ±90 ppm Inaccuracy From -45 °C to 85 °C

Journal Article (2022)
Author(s)

Cagri Gürleyük (TU Delft - Electronic Instrumentation)

Sining Pan (TU Delft - Electronic Instrumentation)

K.A.A. Kofi (TU Delft - Microelectronics)

Research Group
Electronic Instrumentation
Copyright
© 2022 C. Gürleyük, S. Pan, K.A.A. Makinwa
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2022.3142662
More Info
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Publication Year
2022
Language
English
Copyright
© 2022 C. Gürleyük, S. Pan, K.A.A. Makinwa
Research Group
Electronic Instrumentation
Issue number
8
Volume number
57
Pages (from-to)
2429-2437
Reuse Rights

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Abstract

This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and capacitors, the filter's characteristic is temperature dependent. To compensate for this, the control signal of the DCO is derived by digitizing the filter's output phase and combining it with the digital output of a Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. After a two-point trim, this digital temperature compensation scheme achieves an inaccuracy of ±90 ppm from -45 °C to 85 °C. The frequency reference draws 220 $\mu \text{A}$ from a 1.8-V supply, with a supply sensitivity of 0.12%/V and a 320-ppb Allan Deviation floor for a 10-s stride.

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