Realisation of green freight: a comparative analysis of alternative fuels in road freight transport
Evaluating Electric Battery Trucks, Hydrogen, and Bio-LNG trucks
P.L. Hamming (TU Delft - Technology, Policy and Management)
P.W. Heijnen – Mentor (TU Delft - Technology, Policy and Management)
J.A. Annema – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Technology, Policy and Management)
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Abstract
Freight transport is a crucial component of our society and economy. However, achieving sustainability in this sector is complex, due to a lack of incentives among stakeholders. The heavy-duty road transport sector is struggling to meet European emission standards. To address this issue, a research study examined the impact of combining Battery Electric Trucks (BETs), Hydrogen trucks, and Bio-Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) trucks on a network level. The study used freight simulation and refuelling location optimization through K-means to determine the cost and emissions of the system under different conditions. The results showed that Bio-LNG trucks and BETs are viable fuel options for sustainable freight transport, with Bio-LNG being immediately usable and BETs showing promise for future technological development. The study further revealed that BETs are a cost-effective and low-emission choice for short- and long-haul freight trips, particularly when using Mega Watt chargers and larger battery capacities. The research contributes to understanding the complexities of transitioning to greener freight transport and provides insights into policy implications. Future research could explore the broader social and environmental impacts of these alternative fuel options.