Near-optimal energy planning strategies with modeling to generate alternatives to flexibly explore practically desirable options

Journal Article (2025)
Author(s)

Francesco Lombardi (TU Delft - Technology, Policy and Management)

Koen van Greevenbroek (University of Tromsø, Stanford University)

Aleksander Grochowicz (Technical University of Denmark (DTU))

Michael Lau (Princeton University)

Fabian Neumann (Technical University of Berlin)

Neha Patankar (SUNY Binghamton)

Oskar Vågerö (Universitetet i Oslo)

Research Group
Energy and Industry
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102144 Final published version
More Info
expand_more
Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Energy and Industry
Bibliographical Note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository as part of the Taverne amendment. More information about this copyright law amendment can be found at https://www.openaccess.nl. Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.
Journal title
Joule
Issue number
11
Volume number
9
Article number
102144
Downloads counter
21
Reuse Rights

Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons.

Abstract

Cost-optimizing energy planning models are widespread in supporting energy transition planning decisions. Nonetheless, finding a “cost-optimal” planning strategy provides only a false sense of certainty. Stakeholders may prefer other economically comparable alternatives due to unaccounted-for features. Multi-objective or robust optimization, among others, can efficiently explore alternatives whose desired secondary features are well defined. “Modeling to generate alternatives” (MGA) explores alternatives systematically, including alternatives whose features, such as social viability, are hard to model, albeit key to practical implementation. Computational and interpretation barriers hindered past MGA usage and integration with other methods, but recent developments enable going beyond such barriers. We synthesize such developments and provide practical recommendations for applying MGA in five levels of increasing benefit. Even the simplest levels, requiring little computational effort, can substantially improve the quality of energy planning analyses. At the highest level of integration, MGA can facilitate identifying consensus strategies, accelerating the energy transition.

Files

PIIS2542435125003253.pdf
(pdf | 2.38 Mb)
- Embargo expired in 19-04-2026
License info not available