Usefulness and satisfaction of take-over requests for highly automated driving
P. Bazilinskyy (TU Delft - Intelligent Vehicles, TU Delft - Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control)
A. Eriksson (University of Southampton)
Sebastiaan Petermeijer (Technische Universität München)
J. C.F. Winter (TU Delft - Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control, TU Delft - Human-Robot Interaction)
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Abstract
This paper summarizes our results from survey research and driving simulator experiments on auditory, vibrotactile, and visual take-over requests in highly automated driving. Our review shows that vibrotactile takeover requests in the driver’s seat yielded relatively high ratings of self-reported usefulness and satisfaction. Auditory take-over requests in the form of beeping sound were regarded as useful but not satisfactory, and it was found that the beep rate corresponds to perceived urgency. Visual-only feedback (LEDs) was regarded by participants as neither useful nor satisfactory. Augmented visual feedback was found to support effective steering and braking actions, and may be a useful compliment to vibrotactile take-over requests. The present findings may be used in the design of take-over requests.