Quantum repeaters
From quantum networks to the quantum internet
Koji Azuma (NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation)
Sophia E. Economou (Virginia Tech)
D. Elkouss Coronas (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, TU Delft - Quantum Computer Science)
Paul Hilaire (Virginia Tech, Quandela SAS)
Liang Jiang (Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering)
Hoi Kwong Lo (Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc., Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, The University of Hong Kong)
Ilan Tzitrin (University of Toronto)
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Abstract
A quantum internet is the holy grail of quantum information processing, enabling the deployment of a broad range of quantum technologies and protocols on a global scale. However, numerous challenges must be addressed before the quantum internet can become a reality. Perhaps the most crucial of these is the realization of a quantum repeater, an essential component in the long-distance transmission of quantum information. As the analog of a classical repeater, extender, or booster, the quantum repeater works to overcome loss and noise in the quantum channels constituting a quantum network. Here the conceptual frameworks and architectures for quantum repeaters, as well as the experimental progress toward their realization, are reviewed. Various near-term proposals to overcome the limits to the communication rates set by point-to-point quantum communication are also discussed. Finally, the manner in which quantum repeaters fit within the broader challenge of designing and implementing a quantum internet is overviewed.