Shredding for science

How smart TV design affects recyclability in practice

Journal Article (2026)
Author(s)

Dorien C. van Dolderen (TU Delft - Industrial Design Engineering)

Doris L. Versloot (Student TU Delft)

Soroush Aghaeian (TU Delft - Industrial Design Engineering)

Conny A. Bakker (TU Delft - Industrial Design Engineering)

A. Ruud Balkenende (TU Delft - Industrial Design Engineering)

Research Group
Design for Sustainability
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.109114 Final published version
More Info
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Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Research Group
Design for Sustainability
Journal title
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Volume number
235
Article number
109114
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Abstract

Understanding how product design shapes recycling outcomes is becoming increasingly important as the demand for recyclable electronics grows. This study investigates how design choices influence recyclability through an analysis of four commercially available smart TVs from major brands. We conducted manual disassembly and controlled shredding tests to explore how materials and connections behave under realistic recycling conditions.Our findings show that recyclability is mainly limited by plastics that are seldom recovered in practice, even when recyclable in principle. Most connections broke down effectively during shredding, with limited material losses. Some design features, however, still hindered recovery, such as ductile materials that trap others. Based on these findings, we propose design guidelines and compare them with existing literature. Our work contributes to the growing body of research linking product design with current recycling processes and can inform design practice and future regulations that support a more circular electronics industry.