How to conduct integrated risk assessment for chemical industrial park cyber-physical system

Abstract

With the advent of the artificial intelligence (AI) era, the chemical industrial park cyber-physical system (CIPCPS) has been widely regarded as an effective strategy for promoting the intelligent upgrading of traditional chemical industrial parks. However, it is accompanied by both opportunities and challenges. Traditional chemical industry risk assessment methods mainly focus on physical space, thereby overlooking the risks arising from the cyber space. To ensure the safety and security of CIPCPS, this study explores the following questions: (i) What emerging risks is CIPCPS currently facing? (ii) Regarding these risks, what are the current research advancements in assessment methods, and what limitations do they have? (iii) How to conduct an integrated risk assessment for CIPCPS? The results show that current research on CIPCPSs has not yet provided a systematic classification of various risk types and specific risk factors. Gaps are identified in the traditional risk assessment methods, including insufficient multi-source data fusion capabilities, limited algorithmic interpretability, and the failure to consider the unique consequence amplification effect of domino accidents in CIPCPSs. To address these issues, this study classifies the specific risk types and factors through historical accident case analysis. On this basis, an integrated risk evolution framework for CIPCPSs is developed, dividing the process into three phases: Disturbance-System induction, System-Accident evolution, and Accident-System feedback. Finally, four recommendations are proposed to guide the conduct of integrated risk assessment, providing a theoretical basis for future risk management of CIPCPSs.