Digital Twin Implementation of Hydrogen Energy Storage for Energy Hub Application of TU Delft's Green Village
Daan Schat (Student TU Delft)
Azadeh Kermansaravi (TU Delft - Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)
Shamsodin Taheri (University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO))
Hani Vahedi (TU Delft - DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)
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Abstract
This study presents a data-driven offline digital twin model of an operational residential hydrogen hub equipped with more than 100 sensors. The model enables analysis and scaling of hydrogen-based hybrid energy hubs from residential to larger systems. The hub integrates photovoltaic generation, battery storage, hydrogen production via electrolysis, compressed hydrogen storage, and fuel cell electricity generation. Using year-long field data, the model reproduces the current configuration (5.34 kWp PV, 15 kWh battery, ~ 45 kg H2) and quantifies annual performance: 5,102 kWh PV generation, hydrogen production and consumption efficiencies of 48.0% and 39.6%, 25.3 kg H2 produced versus 49.3 kg consumed, and net grid exchange of +114 kWh. Multi-scenario sizing shows that an optimized configuration (8.46 kWp PV, 30 kWh battery, 70 kg H2) reduces grid import to ~ 30 kWh yr-1 while exporting ~ 380 kWh, with the H2 buffer ending the year near its initial state under a rule-based energy management strategy. The results demonstrate the capability of a sensor-validated framework for designing integrated PV-battery-hydrogen energy hubs.