Long wavelength monolithic photonic integration technology for gas sensing applications

Abstract

Progress on the development of a long wavelength (∼2 μm) generic monolithic photonic integration technology on indium phosphide substrate and a novel concept of a tunable laser realized as a photonic integrated circuit using such technology are presented. Insights into the development of active and passive waveguide structures which are used to define a limited set of on-chip functionalities in the form of building blocks will be given. A novel tunable laser was proposed and designed using such predefined set of basic building blocks. The laser geometry features an intra-cavity wavelength tuning mechanism based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers in a nested configuration. The photonic integrated circuit chip was fabricated within the first long wavelength multi-project wafer run. The experimental evaluations of the fabricated device show a record tuning range of 31 nm around 2027 nm and successful measurements of a 0.86 GHz wide absorption line of carbon dioxide. These results provide a demonstration of a fully functional photonic integrated circuit operating at wavelengths that are much longer than those in the typical telecommunication windows as well as the use of indium phosphide based generic photonic integration technologies for gas sensing applications.