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High-aspect ratio titanium nanopillars modulate macrophage responses

Journal Article (2025)
Author(s)

B.I.M. Eijkel (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics)

K. Modaresifar (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics)

Eszter Mádai (TU Delft - Team Peyman Taheri)

M. Ganjian (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics)

Peyman Taheri (TU Delft - Team Peyman Taheri)

I. Apachitei (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics)

Lidy Elena Fratila-Apachitei (TU Delft - Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics)

Research Group
Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214321
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics
Volume number
175
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Abstract

Titanium surfaces featuring high-aspect ratio (HAR) nanopillars can have antimicrobial and osteogenic properties. Nevertheless, the impact of these surfaces on immune cells and their potential for immunomodulation remain unclear. In this study, the effects of HAR titanium nanopillars produced by dry-etching (DETi) on the response of unstimulated (M0) and pro-inflammatory (M1) murine macrophages (J774A.1) have been explored. The findings revealed changes in the morphology and crystallinity of the DETi nanopillars along their height. After 48 h of culture, both M0 and M1 stimulated macrophages displayed a more elongated morphology, a smoother cell surface, and shorter cellular protrusions on the more hydrophilic and rough DETi surfaces. Furthermore, DETi surfaces induced polarization of M0 cells towards M2 phenotypes, whereas M1 stimulated cells showed M2-like elongated morphologies while maintaining a stronger pro-inflammatory response to DETi surfaces relative to the glass control. The findings indicate that the DETi surfaces can induce morphological changes in macrophages and specific immunomodulatory effects depending on their initial phenotype, highlighting the potential of such biomaterials to incorporate an immunomodulatory biofunctionality next to the osteogenic and bactericidal ones.