Effect of titanium and vanadium nano-carbide size on hydrogen embrittlement of ferritic steels

Journal Article (2025)
Author(s)

T. Boot (TU Delft - Team Vera Popovich)

Pascal Kömmelt (Tata Steel Europe Limited)

Hans J.C. Brouwer (TU Delft - Team Marcel Hermans)

Amarante J. Bottger (TU Delft - Team Amarante Bottger)

V. Vera (TU Delft - Team Vera Popovich)

Research Group
Team Vera Popovich
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-024-00546-7
More Info
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Publication Year
2025
Language
English
Research Group
Team Vera Popovich
Issue number
1
Volume number
9
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Abstract

The effect of TiC and VC nano-precipitate size on the hydrogen embrittlement of ferritic steels was studied in this work. Steels containing two size distributions (10 nm or less and 10 - 100 nm) of TiC and VC carbides are subjected to tensile tests in-situ in an electrochemical hydrogen charging environment. Hydrogen is found to be trapped in interstitial matrix sites on the precipitate/matrix interface with activation energies of 14 - 20 kJ/mol and inside misfit dislocation cores with energies of 27 - 37 kJ/mol. All steels are embrittled by 15 to 20%, except the TiC steel with semi-coherent carbides up to 100 nm, which is embrittled by 37%. This is caused by accelerated intergranular fracture as a result of hydrogen trapped in dislocation pile-ups around grain boundary precipitates. The steel with coherent VC nano-carbides retained the highest strength and ductility during in-situ testing. This is therefore the optimal carbide configuration for use in hydrogen environments.