A Planning Framework for Power-to-Gas in Multi-Energy Distribution Systems
Thomas Swarts (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Johan Morren (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Wouter van den Akker (Eindhoven University of Technology)
Arjan van Voorden (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
Han Slootweg (Eindhoven University of Technology)
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Abstract
Power-to-gas (P2G) systems can provide multifaceted services within Multi-Energy Systems (MES) beyond traditional roles. When strategically deployed, P2G systems can mitigate congestion in the electricity grid, advance the heat transition through the utilization of their waste heat, and optimize the usage of existing gas grids. This research introduces a joint operations and planning model for P2G facilities, including the expansion of electricity, gas, and heat distribution systems. The model is formulated as a mixed integer second order cone program (MISOCP). It incorporates the variable efficiency of electrolyzers and a detailed representation of the electrolyzer waste heat extraction system (EHES), addressing spatial, temporal, and temperature mismatches between heat demand and supply. The model is demonstrated on a 22-node interconnected electricity–gas test network and a 95-node real-world electricity–gas network in the Netherlands. Results reveal tradeoffs in alleviating congestion in the electricity grid, preventing congestion in the gas grid, and maximizing waste heat sales. Optimally distributed P2G reduced congestion in the electricity distribution grid, but induced congestion in the gas distribution grid. Future research should focus on managing such Active Gas Distribution Networks (AGDNs) with distributed P2G and finding a balance between the benefits and challenges of P2G deployment in MES.