Learning-based model predictive control for passenger-oriented train rescheduling with flexible train composition

Journal Article (2026)
Author(s)

Xiaoyu Liu (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University - Jinan)

Caio Fabio Oliveira da Silva (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering)

Azita Dabiri (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering)

Yihui Wang (Beijing Jiaotong University)

Bart De Schutter (TU Delft - Mechanical Engineering)

Research Group
Team Bart De Schutter
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2026.105841 Final published version
More Info
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Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Research Group
Team Bart De Schutter
Journal title
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
Volume number
191
Article number
105841
Downloads counter
15
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Abstract

This paper focuses on passenger-oriented real-time train rescheduling, considering flexible train composition and rolling stock circulation, by integrating learning-based and optimization-based approaches. A learning-based model predictive control (MPC) approach is developed for real-time train rescheduling with flexible train composition and rolling stock circulation to address time-varying passenger demands. In the proposed approach, the values of the integer variables are obtained by pre-trained long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, while the continuous variables are determined through nonlinear constrained optimization. The learning-based MPC approach enables us to jointly consider efficiency and constraint satisfaction by combining learning-based and optimization-based approaches. In order to reduce the number of integer variables, four presolve techniques are developed to prune a subset of integer decision variables. Numerical simulations based on real-life data from the Beijing urban rail transit system are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed learning-based MPC approach.