A High-Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Ion Anode Based on a Novel Sn₄P₃-P at Graphene Nanocomposite

Abstract

Phosphorus and tin phosphide based materials that are extensively researched as the anode for Na-ion batteries mostly involve complexly synthesized and sophisticated nanocomposites limiting their commercial viability. This work reports a Sn₄P₃-P (Sn:P = 1:3) at graphene nanocomposite synthesized with a novel and facile mechanochemical method, which exhibits unrivalled high-rate capacity retentions of >550 and 371 mA h g^-1 at 1 and 2 A g^-1, respectively, over 1000 cycles and achieves excellent rate capability (>815, ≈585 and ≈315 mA h g^-1 at 0.1, 2, and 10 A g^-1, respectively).